Advancements and applications of gelatin-based scaffolds in dental engineering: A narrative review

Lestari, Widya and Irfanita, Nining and Haris, Muhammad Salahuddin and Lin, Galvin Sim Siang and Jaswir, Irwandi and Darnis, Deny Susanti and Ibrahim, Nurul Ruziantee and Mazlan, Nurzafirah and Idrus, Erik and Amir, Lisa Rinanda and ., Anis Fadlina and Sheikh Mohamed, Hassan Ibrahim and Arzmi, Mohd Hafiz (2025) Advancements and applications of gelatin-based scaffolds in dental engineering: A narrative review. Odontology, 113. pp. 1-14. ISSN 1618-1247 E-ISSN 1618-1255

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Abstract

Gelatin-based scaffolds have garnered significant attention in dental tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and resemblance to the extracellular matrix (ECM). This narrative review highlights recent advancements and applications of gelatin-based scaffolds for oral tissue regeneration. Various scaffold types, including hydrogels, electrospun nanofibers, hybrid composites, crosslinked matrices, and microspheres, are discussed in terms of their physicochemical characteristics, fabrication techniques, and regenerative potential. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels, for instance, exhibit favorable hydration and mechanical properties for endodontic regeneration, while electrospun nanofibers support enhanced cellular attachment and proliferation. Hybrid scaffolds incorporating ceramics, such as hydroxyapatite or β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), improve mechanical strength, making them suitable for alveolar bone regeneration. Key parameters influencing scaffold performance, including gelatin concentration, crosslinking density, pore size, and biofunctionalization, are also examined. Applications span dentin–pulp complex regeneration, periodontal therapy, and bone defect repair. Despite their promise, limitations, such as rapid degradation and mechanical weakness, necessitate optimization either through chemical modification or composite formation. The integration of emerging technologies, including bioprinting and smart biomaterials, may further enhance scaffold functionality. This review underscores gelatin’s versatility and its pivotal role in shaping next-generation strategies for functional and biomimetic dental tissue restoration.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biomaterials · Endodontics · Gelatin · Periodontal regeneration · Scaffolds · Tissue engineering
Subjects:	R Medicine > RK Dentistry R Medicine > RK Dentistry > RK318 Oral and Dental Medicine. Pathology. Diseases-Therapeutics-General Works
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART) Kulliyyah of Dentistry Kulliyyah of Science > Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies
Depositing User:	Prof. Dr. Irwandi Jaswir
Date Deposited:	15 Dec 2025 16:47
Last Modified:	15 Dec 2025 16:47
Queue Number:	2025-12-Q738
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/125526

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