Megat Nasir, Megat Taufiq and Nasaruddin, Ricca Rahman and Mansor, Mariatul Fadzillah (2025) Optimizing formulation and synthesis conditions of red palm oil (RPO)-based nanoemulsions stabilized by tween 80. Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering Journal, 9 (2). pp. 31-42. E-ISSN 2637-0719
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Abstract
Nanoemulsion is an important class of nanomaterial that offers several advantages due to its improved stability and dispersibility in aqueous systems. In this preliminary study, oil-in-water nanoemulsions were synthesized using red palm oil (RPO). RPO was chosen for its high insoluble vitamin E content, a potent antioxidant that can reduce oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals. The most suitable emulsifier, optimal formulation, and synthesis conditions to produce stable nanoemulsions were evaluated. A laser beam penetration test based on the Tyndall effect and light-scattering principles was used to confirm the presence of nanoemulsions qualitatively. The results indicate that Tween-80 produced the most stable and translucent nanoemulsion. The optimal formulation was found to have a weight ratio of 10:15:74:1 for RPO: Tween 80: water: glycerin. The optimal synthesis conditions were using the high-speed homogenizer at 15000 rpm for 40-minute synthesis time. The resulting nanoemulsions demonstrated stability suitable for further studies (e.g., physicochemical characterization, scale-up, and additional functionalization) for food and beverage applications
| Item Type: | Article (Journal) |
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| Additional Information: | As supervisor, Dr. Ricca Rahman Nasaruddin acknowledges Megat Taufiq Megat Nasir for his contributions in sample preparation, experimental work, data collection, analysis, and the drafting of the initial article as part of his final-year project during his bachelor’s degree. Ricca Rahman Nasaruddin also acknowledges Dr. Mariatul Fadzillah Mansor for her contribution in co-writing and reviewing the final manuscript. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsions, Red Palm Oil, Tween 80, High-speed homogenizer, Formulation Optimization |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.13 Biotechnology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP368 Food processing and manufacture |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Biotechnology Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Dr Ricca Rahman Nasaruddin |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Feb 2026 16:19 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Feb 2026 16:19 |
| Queue Number: | 2026-02-Q2108 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/127390 |
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