Evaluation of the colour fastness properties of Bixa orellana-dyed silk using CIELab analysis

Jamaludin, Nur Atiqah and Ramya, Razanah and Othman, Rashidi (2026) Evaluation of the colour fastness properties of Bixa orellana-dyed silk using CIELab analysis. Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 34 (4). pp. 2275-2291. ISSN 0128-7680 E-ISSN 2231-8526

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Abstract

The application of plant-derived dyes in textiles is often limited by inadequate colour stability, particularly under ultraviolet exposure. This study evaluated the effects of four mordants: potassium aluminium sulphate KAl(SO4)2, 12H2O), copper (II) sulphate (CuSO4), iron (II) sulphate FeSO4 and sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) on the colour stability of silk dyed with bixin extracted from Bixa orellana seeds. Bixin concentrations of 10, 20, 30 g/L were applied to silk using the post-mordanting method, and the treated specimens were evaluated under dark, visible light and UVA exposure conditions. Colour stability was assessed using CIELab parameters, including yellow intensity (b*), colour saturation (s) and total colour difference (∆Εab), supported by Pearson correlation and principal component analysis. Under dark conditions, KAl(SO4)2, 12H2O, combined with 30 g/L bixin, produced the lowest degradation, recording 27.53% in b* and 43.05% in colour saturation. Under UVA exposure, FeSO4 combined with 20 g/L bixin demonstrated the best relative performance, with degradation values of 72.70% for b* and 82.38% for colour saturation. In contrast, Na2SiO3 exhibited the poorest overall UVA stability, with degradation reaching 98.91% for b* and 98.64% for colour saturation. Nevertheless, ∆Εab values ranging from 36.02% to 57.04% after seven days indicated substantial perceptible colour changes across all treatments. The dataset was suitable for multivariate analysis (KMO = 0.783; Bartlett’s Χ2 = 7363.286, df = 10, p < 0.0001), while the first two principal components explained 94.87% of the total variance. Overall, mordant effectiveness was dependent on the exposure condition; KAl (SO4)2, 12H2O was more effective under dark storage, whereas FeSO4 provided comparatively better protection against IVA induced degradation. However, the high degradation and ∆Εab values demonstrate that Bixa orellana dyed silk remains unsuitable for prolonged UVA exposure without additional UV-protective finishing or improved stabilisation strategies.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bixa orellana, bixin pigment, CIELab analysis, colour stability, mordants, natural dyes, silk, textile colouration, UVA degradation
Subjects:	BPC Science and Technology in Islam G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.13 Biotechnology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP890 Textile dyeing and printing T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP934 Paints, pigments, varnishes, etc
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design > Department of Landscape Architecture
Depositing User:	Dr rashidi othman
Date Deposited:	27 Aug 2026 11:26
Last Update:	27 Aug 2026 11:26
Queue Number:	2026-08-Q4936
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/131034

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