Abdul Razak, Mohd Abbas (2026) Freud and Iqbal: two perspectives on the human ego. IslamiCity, NA (NA). pp. 1-5.
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Abstract
Freud(1856–1939) , who was initially a medical doctor, later took on the role of a psychologist. He became the founder of the psychoanalytic movement. Right from the beginning of his career to the very last day of his life, he held a negative view of man and human nature. To him, man is an intellectual beast who is doomed to fail in life. Moreover, he believed that every individual is driven by the life and death instincts. Freud’s theory of personality is centred around human sexuality. To make his theory even more controversial, he maintained that the sexuality of an individual begins from the day of his or her birth and remains until the very end of one’s life. Muhammad's Iqbal's (1877–1938) views on human nature resonate with the ideas of the Qur’an and Sunnah, which say man is born into this world without any baggage of the concept of ‘Original Sin’. In addition, man is the honoured creation of God who is given the creative intelligence to administer the world. Being given the position of Allah’s Khalifah, man has to be upright and practice fairness and justice, avoiding injustice, tyranny and corruption. Contrary to Freud’s conception of the human psyche, Iqbal does not divide it into three components (the Id, Ego and Superego) that struggle for dominance. In Iqbal’s theory, the term ego appears in his philosophical prose work, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, while in his poetry, he uses the term Khudi. Interestingly, Khudi, a Persian word, refers to a spiritual entity that originates from God and, upon fulfilling its mission in this world, returns to God to be judged. It will either be rewarded with a state of immortality or face damnation.
| Item Type: | Article (Electronic Media) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Sigmund Freud, Muhammad Iqbal, Perspectives, Human Ego, Philosophy, Psychology |
| Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > B Philosophy (General) B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology > BF173 Psychoanalysis B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BL Religion B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BP Islam. Bahaism. Theosophy, etc > BP1 Islam B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BP Islam. Bahaism. Theosophy, etc > BP134.S3 Quran and Science |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences > Department of Fundamental and Inter-Disciplinary Studies (Effective: 5th Feb 2014) |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Mohd Abbas Abdul Razak |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Aug 2026 09:00 |
| Last Update: | 16 Aug 2026 09:00 |
| Queue Number: | 2026-08-Q4741 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/130796 |
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