Manifestasi kesantunan Melayu dalam ujaran memberi dan meminta nasihat=Manifestation of Malay politeness in asking and giving advice

Johari, Arina and Zahid, Indirawati (2016) Manifestasi kesantunan Melayu dalam ujaran memberi dan meminta nasihat=Manifestation of Malay politeness in asking and giving advice. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 16 (2). pp. 73-94. ISSN 1675-8021 E-ISSN 2550-2131

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Abstract

Meminta dan memberi nasihat merupakan tindakan linguistik yang kompleks serta memerlukan pengamatan terhadap norma-norma kesantunan budaya tertentu ketika melaksanakannya lebih-lebih lagi dalam rancangan bual bicara radio berorentasikan panggilan masuk (phone-in). Ketidakfahaman terhadap aspek ini akan mengakibatkan nasihat sering kali tidak dialu-alukan, malah boleh menimbulkan konflik antara penutur dan penerima semasa berkomunikasi. Justeru, analisis ini dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti pola kesantunan berbahasa bual bicara dalam rancangan bertajuk Celik Mata Reset Minda Orang yang Tenang di radio IKIMfm. Analisis ini mengaplikasi dua teori, iaitu Model Kesantunan Brown dan Levinson (1987) serta Prinsip Kerjasama Grice (1975), yang kemudiannya dikombinasikan untuk membentuk Model Pola Kombinasi Strategi dan Maksim (MPKSM) dan digunakan untuk menganalisis 33 dialog daripada satu konteks perbualan dengan fokus kepada struktur isi bual bicara. MPKSM membentuk empat pola kombinasi strategi, iaitu Pola A, B, C dan D dengan pola teras yang terdiri daripada P2 dan P3. Pola teras P2 mengandungi strategi Kesantunan Positif dan strategi Kesantunan Negatif manakala P3 pula mengandungi Strategi Tanpa Rekod dan kedua-duanya mempunyai padanan maksim Prinsip Kerjasama (PK) tertentu. Ujaran meminta dan memberi nasihat oleh peserta perbualan dalam struktur isi rancangan bual bicara dianalisis melalui aplikasi lima metode, iaitu muat turun bahan, analisis teks, transkripsi, pelabelan serta pengekodan dan juga melalui kaedah kuantitatif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan peserta perbualan mengaplikasikan pola kombinasi strategi dan maksim dengan meminimumkan Tindakan Ancaman Muka (TAM) ketika mengatur ujaran mereka untuk mencapai situasi bebas konflik dengan Pola B variasi pertama mendominasi keseluruhan ujaran. Kajian turut memperlihatkan faktor kekangan masa siaran serta kehadiran khalayak yang turut menumpang dengar (over hearer) menjadi antara faktor yang signifikan dalam mempengaruhi pemilihan strategi kesantunan peserta perbualan. ************************************************************************************************************************* The acts of asking and giving advice are linguistically complex and require observations of politeness norms that exist across cultures. Lack of understanding on this aspect of communication often leads to conflicts or resistance to the advice given. This can be especially so in motivational radio phone-in shows where the politeness strategies of the callers can be numerous. Hence, an analysis was done to identify the patterns of politeness employed in a talk show entitled “Celik Mata Reset Minda Orang Yang Tenang” aired on Radio IKIMfm. Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Model, and Grice’s (1975) Maxims of Cooperative Principles were combined to form a model called “Model Pola Kombinasi Strategi dan Maksim” (MPKSM) to analyse the 33 dialogues in the body structure of a conversational context. MPKSM forms four patterns of combined strategies which are Patterns A, B, C and D with the main patterns of P2 and P3. P2 consists of both positive and negative politeness strategies while P3 consists of off-record strategies. Both P2 and P3 are related to the maxims of Cooperative Principles. The speech acts of asking and giving advice from those who took part in the body structure of the radio talk show were analysed using five methods which are downloading of texts, text analysis, transcription, labelling and coding as well as through quantitative approach. The findings indicate that the participants in the talk show have applied the MPKSM in their utterances by minimizing Face Threatening Acts (FTA) while planning the acts to avoid conflicts,with pattern B being dominantly used. The study also shows that time constraint and the presence of overhearer audience were significant factors in influencing the selection of politeness strategies among participants.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Additional Information:	4909/65894
Uncontrolled Keywords:	pragmatik; strategi kesantunan; prinsip kerjasama; Tindakan Ancaman Muka (TAM); situasi bebas konflik pragmatic; politeness strategy; cooperative principle; Face Threatening Act (FTA); non-conflict situation
Subjects:	P Language and Literature > PL Languages and literatures of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania > PL5101 Malay
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Languages and Management
Depositing User:	DR. ARINA JOHARI
Date Deposited:	26 Sep 2018 14:59
Last Modified:	26 Sep 2018 14:59
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/65894

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