Biodiesel production from sludge palm oil by ultrasonic energy

Hayyan, Adeeb and Alam, Md. Zahangir and Mirghani, Mohamed Elwathig Saeed and Kabbashi, Nassereldeen Ahmed and Mohd. Hakimi, Noor Irma Nazashida and Mohd. Siran, Yosri and Tahiruddin, Shawaluddin and Al-Saadi, Mohammed A. (2009) Biodiesel production from sludge palm oil by ultrasonic energy. In: Malaysian International Conference on Trends in Bioprocess Engineering (MICOTriBE 2009), 12-13 December 2009, PWTC, Kuala Lumpur.

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Abstract

The main challenges for biodiesel production are the cost of raw material (fats and oils) and the cost of processing. In this study free fatty acid (FFAs) of sludge palm oil has been converted to fatty acid methyl ester via acid-catalyzed reaction using ultrasonic energy. Batch esterification process of SPO was carried out to study the influence of sulfuric acid dosage (0.5, 1, 2% wt/wt), molar ratio of methanol to SPO (6:1, 10:1, 14:1), and temperature (50oC, 60oC, 70oC). The reduction of free fatty acids (FFAs) was measured at different sonication time from 30-300 min and the optimum time was determined. It is reasonable to conclude that the conversion of FFAs to fatty acid methyl ester by applying ultrasonic energy is related to long sonication time. The results showed that the FFA content of SPO reduced from 24.5% to less than 3 % using molar ratio 10:1, reaction temperature 50o C and 2% wt /wt sulfuric acid to SPO in 300 minutes sonication time.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Full Paper)
Additional Information:	4157/5539
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biodiesel, Free fatty acids, Sludge palm oil, Ultrasonic.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.13 Biotechnology
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Biotechnology Engineering
Depositing User:	Dr. Md. Zahangir Alam
Date Deposited:	02 Nov 2011 16:20
Last Modified:	22 Nov 2011 08:42
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/5539

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