A lightweight post-quantum anonymous attestation framework for traceable and comprehensive privacy preservation in VANETs

Agustina, Esti Rahmawati and Ramli, Kalamullah and Harwahyu, Ruki and Gunawan, Teddy Surya and Salman, Muhammad and Lestari, Andriani Adi and Hakim, Arif Rahman (2026) A lightweight post-quantum anonymous attestation framework for traceable and comprehensive privacy preservation in VANETs. Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, 6 (2). pp. 1-43. E-ISSN 2624-800X

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Abstract

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) require authentication systems that balance privacy, scalability, and post-quantum security. While lattice-based V-LDAA offers quantum resistance, it faces challenges in signature size, traceability, and integration. We propose post-quantum traceable direct anonymous attestation (PQ-TDAA), combining National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-standard Dilithium2 and Falcon-512 signatures with adapted Beullens-style blind signatures and Fiat–Shamir simplified Schnorr proofs, reducing proof size by 69.2% (8 kB vs. V-LDAA’s 26 kB) and supporting European Telecommunications Standards Institute Technical Specification (ETSI TS) 102 941-compliant traceability through Road Side Unit (RSU)-assisted verification. Evaluated using SageMath, Python 3.11, and NS-3, PQ-TDAA-Falcon-512 achieves 8.1 ms and 49.7 ms end-to-end delays at 10 and 20 vehicles, respectively, with 64.7 Mbps goodput on congested 802.11p channels, showing promise for densities of ≤50 vehicles and advantages over Dilithium2. Real-world validation on ARM Cortex-A76 (Raspberry Pi 5, emulating automotive OBUs) yields sub-0.5 ms V2V cycles within 100 ms beacon intervals, supporting practical embedded deployment. Future work will extend PQ-TDAA to emerging 5G and NR-V2X settings, integrate more realistic mobility and channel models through coupled NS-3 and SUMO co-simulation, and investigate side-channel resistance for enhanced scalability and robustness in real deployments

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), post-quantum cryptography (PQC), lattice-based cryptography, anonymous attestation, privacy-preserving authentication, traceability
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7800 Electronics. Computer engineering. Computer hardware. Photoelectronic devices > TK7885 Computer engineering
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Depositing User:	Prof. Dr. Teddy Surya Gunawan
Date Deposited:	22 Jun 2026 16:58
Last Modified:	22 Jun 2026 16:58
Queue Number:	2026-06-Q3719
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/129408

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