Ethanol extract of ocimum sanctumleaves exerts apoptotic activity on A549 non-small lung adenocarcinoma cell line through down-regulated of Nf-kb and activated of Apaf-1

Kustiati, Ulayatul and Tirto Sari, Dewi Ratih and Saragih, Golda Rani and Isnainingrum, Chairunisa and Md Isa, Muhammad Lokman and Dwi Aris Agung, Nugrahaningsih and Tjahjono, Yudy and Kusindarta, Dwi Liliek and Karnati, Srikanth and Wihadmadyatami, Hevi (2026) Ethanol extract of ocimum sanctumleaves exerts apoptotic activity on A549 non-small lung adenocarcinoma cell line through down-regulated of Nf-kb and activated of Apaf-1. Trends in Sciences, 23 (6). pp. 1-24. E-ISSN 2774-0226

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Abstract

Lung cancer was among the primary contributors to mortality within the realm of cancer-related ailments. Multiple research projects had demonstrated Ocimum sanctum’s diverse biological and pharmacological characteristics, including its antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer capabilities. However, limited evidence supported the assertion that O. sanctum on human lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells. Here, we inspected ethanol extract O. sanctum’s (EEOS) impact on cellular apoptosis and the suppression of Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells. The chemical composition of EEOS was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while antioxidant potential was assessed via the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Apoptotic activity was evaluated through Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (JC- 1) assay, and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) detection using DCFH-DA. Protein expression of NF-κB, Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor 1 (Apaf-1), caspase-9, and caspase-3 was quantified by ELISA. Molecular docking was performed to explore the interactions between linoleic acid - the predominant compound identified in EEOS - and key apoptotic proteins. Additionally, the in vivo chemoprotective effect of EEOS was evaluated in benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P)- induced lung toxicity in C3H mice. GC-MS profiling identified 33 compounds in EEOS, with linoleic acid, phytol, and β-sitosterol as the major constituents. EEOS exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 46.42 µg/mL). Treatment with EEOS significantly induced apoptosis in A549 cells, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated intracellular ROS levels. ELISA analysis showed downregulation of NF-κB and upregulation of Apaf-1, caspase-9, and caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinity of linoleic acid to NF-κB and caspase proteins, comparable to cisplatin. In vivo, EEOS mitigated B[a]P-induced lung tissue damage. In conclusion, EEOS exerts potent pro-apoptotic effects through NF-κB inhibition and activation of the intrinsic Apaf-1/caspasedependent pathway, supporting its potential as a promising adjunct therapy for lung cancer treatment

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ocimum sanctum, NF-kB, Apoptotic, Apaf-1, Caspase
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) Q Science > QK Botany Q Science > QP Physiology R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Nursing Kulliyyah of Nursing > Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Nursing
Depositing User:	Dr Muhammad lokman M Isad
Date Deposited:	01 Apr 2026 06:41
Last Modified:	01 Apr 2026 06:41
Queue Number:	2026-03-Q2689
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/128105

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