Antimicrobial resistance: a growing serious threat for global public health

Salam, Md. Abdus and Al-Amin, Md. Yusuf and Salam, Moushumi Tabassoom and Pawar, Jogendra Singh and Akhter, Naseem and Rabaan, Ali A. and Alqumber, Mohammed A. A. (2023) Antimicrobial resistance: a growing serious threat for global public health. Healthcare, 11 (13). pp. 1-20. ISSN 2227-9032

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Abstract

Antibiotics are among the most important discoveries of the 20th century, having saved millions of lives from infectious diseases. Microbes have developed acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to many drugs due to high selection pressure from increasing use and misuse of antibiotics over the years. The transmission and acquisition of AMR occur primarily via a human–human interface both within and outside of healthcare facilities. A huge number of interdependent factors related to healthcare and agriculture govern the development of AMR through various drug-resistance mechanisms. The emergence and spread of AMR from the unrestricted use of antimicrobials in livestock feed has been a major contributing factor. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has attained an incongruous level worldwide and threatens global public health as a silent pandemic, necessitating urgent intervention. Therapeutic options of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are limited, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality with high financial impact. The paucity in discovery and supply of new novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections by resistant pathogens stands in sharp contrast to demand. Immediate interventions to contain AMR include surveillance and monitoring, minimizing over-the-counter antibiotics and antibiotics in food animals, access to quality and affordable medicines, vaccines and diagnostics, and enforcement of legislation. An orchestrated collaborative action within and between multiple national and international organizations is required urgently, otherwise, a postantibiotic era can be a more real possibility than an apocalyptic fantasy for the 21st century. This narrative review highlights on this basis, mechanisms and factors in microbial resistance, and key strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Item Type:	Article (Review)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	antibiotics; antimicrobial resistance; mechanisms of resistance; drivers of resistance; measures to combat resistance
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Medicine Kulliyyah of Medicine > Department of Basic Medical
Depositing User:	Prof. Dr. Md. Abdus Salam
Date Deposited:	11 Jul 2023 15:05
Last Modified:	09 Aug 2023 12:15
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/105438

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