Entangled cellulose nanofibers produced from sugarcane bagasse viaalkaline treatment, mild acid hydrolysis assisted with ultrasonication

Asem, Maimunah and Jimat, Dzun Noraini and Jafri, Nur Huda Syazwani and Wan Nawawi, Wan Mohd Fazli and Mohamed Azmin, Nor Fadhillah and Abd Wahab, Mohd Firdaus (2023) Entangled cellulose nanofibers produced from sugarcane bagasse viaalkaline treatment, mild acid hydrolysis assisted with ultrasonication. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences (JKSUES), 35 (1). pp. 24-31. ISSN 1018-3639

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Abstract

Agriculture waste such as sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is composed mostly of cellulose, a versatile natural biopolymer with well-established applications in many industries. The purpose of this study was to use combination treatment methods which include alkaline treatment and mild acid hydrolysis assisted with ultrasonication to extract cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from sugarcane bagasse. Initially, the SCB fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide and aqueous hydrogen peroxide, a bleaching agent before subjected to mild acid hydrolysis followed by ultrasonication at 70% amplitude to defibrillate and disperse the fibers. The study focused on acid hydrolysis using mild sulfuric acid to the alkaline treated cellulose fibers extracted from SCB. The FESEM images of isolated CNFs exhibited diameter in the range 20–30 nm and length of up to several micrometers. This observation suggests that the combined treatment methods are highly effective in isolating CNFs from the plant biomass. Moreover, XRD analysis reveals the presence of peaks at 2θ of 15.2° and 22°, indicating cellulose type I with the crystallinity of 42%. Meanwhile, the FTIR spectra prove that individual CNF was successfully isolated due to the removal of non-cellulosic constituents. This result verifies that amorphous portions such as lignin and hemicellulose were completely removed. CNFs with long entangled network fibrils were successfully extracted from SCB through the combination of alkaline treatment and mild acid hydrolysis assisted with ultrasonication. The CNFs are expected to have high strength and aspect ratio that can be used as reinforced material in manufacturing nanocomposites.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Additional Information:	3891/89306
Uncontrolled Keywords:	cellulose nanofibers, sugarcane bagasse, alkaline treatment, acid hydrolysis, ultrasonication
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1080 Polymers, plastics and their manufacture T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP200 Manufacture and use of chemicals
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Engineering Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Biotechnology Engineering
Depositing User:	Dr Dzun Noraini Jimat
Date Deposited:	22 Apr 2021 08:49
Last Modified:	27 Sep 2023 15:57
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/89306

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