Carrier-free enzyme immobilization by cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) technology

Yusof, Faridah and Khanahmadi, Soofia (2018) Carrier-free enzyme immobilization by cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) technology. In: Multifaceted protocol in biotechnology. Springer Nature, Singapore, pp. 93-108. ISBN 978-981-13-2256-3

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Abstract

Biocatalyst in the form of enzymes is widely used in diverse applications. Unfortunately, free enzymes are quite unstable and may undergo denaturation even under mild conditions, thus hampering their usefulness, and this may lead to higher cost in enzyme based applications. A credible solution is to immobilize the enzymes prior to usages. This procedure was proven to improve the performances in term of stability, activity and selectivity of the enzymes. In addition, separation of product from the used enzyme was made easier and enzyme recyclability was possible. However, carrier-supported enzyme immobilization suffers from many disadvantages, such as large amounts of non-catalytic mass and expensive carrier beads. Thus, to overcome this problem, cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) has been since widely researched. It involves simple procedure and has many benefits; for example, this procedure does not need purified enzyme. The technique involves an initial precipitation of enzymes using, either organic solvents, salts, non-ionic polymers or acids to obtain aggregates. It is then followed by cross-linking the aggregates by polyfunctional reagents, such as glutaryldehyde, whereby the enzyme molecules react among themselves, leading to the formation of ‘solid biocatalyst’. This chapter aims at deliberating the CLEA technique for enzyme immobilization. Lipase extracted from cocoa pod husk (CPH), an agricultural waste product, has been chosen as the model enzyme, and upon immobilization, the biocatalyst is termed as CLEA-lipase. The production of CLEA-lipase was carried out under an optimum condition and this was followed by experimental comparison with the free-form, on the temperature and pH optima and stabilities. Additionally, recyclability of CLEA-lipase was also studied. Finally, the morphology of the solid biocatalyst, which has bearings towards its activity, was examined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM).

Item Type:	Book Chapter
Additional Information:	4734/70275
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) · Immobilization · CLEA- lipase · p-nitrophenyl palmitae · p-nitrophenol · Optimum temperature · Optimum pH · Reusability of enzyme · Glutaryldehyde · Ammonium sulphate · Cocoa pod husk · Stability of enzyme
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP200 Manufacture and use of chemicals T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.13 Biotechnology
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Engineering Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Biotechnology Engineering
Depositing User:	DR FARIDAH YUSOF
Date Deposited:	11 Feb 2019 16:46
Last Modified:	05 Mar 2020 16:51
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/70275

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