Clean extraction of pectin from dragon fruit peels, pomelo peels, okra, and pineapple peels using deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids

Haniman, Adilan and Elgharbawy, Amal A.M. and Hayyan, Adeeb and Wae-Hayee, Makatar and Mohd Noor, Nurul Auni and Jawahar, Bassam Mohamed and Hussain, Mahmud and Dewi, Ika Atsari (2024) Clean extraction of pectin from dragon fruit peels, pomelo peels, okra, and pineapple peels using deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids. HALALSPHERE, 4 (1). pp. 23-33. E-ISSN 2773-6040

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Abstract

Pectin is the main constituent of fruit peels that contributes to the fruit's solid and firm shape. Having wide applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries, its extraction from bioresources would mark a sustainable advancement in biotechnology. The biomaterials for pectin extraction targeted in the study were dragon fruit peels (Hylocereus costaricensis), Pomelo peels (Citrus grandis), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), and pineapple peels (Ananas comosus). Aqueous extractions of pectin from fruit peels were performed in a sono-reactor using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Ionic liquids such as (Choline acetate ≥ 95%) [Ch][Ac] and (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ≥ 97%) [EMIM][Ac] were also employed as extraction solvents. Morphological screening with the electron microscope (SEM) and FTIR showed that the extracted pectin had a similar surface as commercial pectin. The extracted pectin can completely dissolve in water to form a homogenous suspension. The pectin yield from dragon fruit peels was 60±2.00 wt% with a degree of esterification at about 66-72%. This study introduces a clean extraction that can potentially substitute solvents in the pectin industry.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Pectin; Polysaccharides; Aqueous; Extraction; Biomaterial; Plants
Subjects:	BPH Islamic Economics > BPH114.3 Halal industry science H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD9016.5 Halal Science
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART) Kulliyyah of Engineering Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Biotechnology Engineering
Depositing User:	Dr AMAL ELGHARBAWY
Date Deposited:	05 Feb 2024 09:50
Last Modified:	05 Feb 2024 09:50
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/110696

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