Carotenoids composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of Crocus sativus L. stigma

Mohd Hatta, Farah Ayuni and Othman, Rashidi and Mat Ali, Qurratu Aini and Mohd Hassan, Norazian and Ramya, Razanah and Wan Sulaiman, Wan Syibrah Hanisah and Mohd Latiff, Nur Hanie and Mohd Kashim, Ahmad Izhar Ariff (2023) Carotenoids composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of Crocus sativus L. stigma. Food Research, 7 (4). pp. 337-343. E-ISSN 2550-2166

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Abstract

Carotenoid compounds are effective free-radical scavengers because they display a singlet oxygen-quenching property and can trap peroxyl radicals. Many extracts derived from natural sources consist of unique bioactive compounds. For example, hydrophilic carotenoids, such as crocin, are present in saffron and possess antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Crocin is responsible for preventing and curing many health issues. This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of hydrophilic carotenoid (C50) molecules extracted from Crocus sativus L. (saffron stigma) grown in different locations. These compounds were tested for their antioxidant properties through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while antimicrobial activity was determined using disc diffusion method. Four carotenoid compounds (i.e. crocin, crocetin, β-carotene and zeaxanthin) were detected from the three saffron samples collected from various localities. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was carried out to determine the physical and chemical properties of the carotenoid samples. The HPLC results indicated the presence of a single crocin peak at 440 nm. The crocin concentration in Iranian saffron was higher (11414.67±516.34 μg/g DW with 99.9% purity) than those in Turkish and Kashmiri saffron. This finding suggested that location significantly affected crocin concentration as well as carotenoid composition and content in saffron. Crocin molecules (100 μg/mL) showed the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, with a 6.0 mm inhibition zone. Hence, crocin molecules (500 μg/mL) were effective antioxidant compounds as they showed 68% inhibition, with an IC50 value of 283.918±3.934 μg/mL. In addition to being a biocolourant source, crocin may be used for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Saffron, Crocin, Maceration extraction, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.13 Biotechnology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP372.6 Halal food industry
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design > Department of Landscape Architecture
Depositing User:	Dr rashidi othman
Date Deposited:	14 Sep 2023 15:38
Last Modified:	22 Feb 2024 17:06
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/106569

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