Sarifulnazwan, Syahmi Nuqman and Mohd Tajuddin, Nur Alia Fatihah and Mohd Nasaruddin, Siti Nur Nadhirah and Muhammad Mukmin, Nur Malihah Imtiyaz and Engku Abdul Malik, Engku Shifaa Nur Sahira and Bakhtiar, M. Taher and Darnis, Deny Susanti and Khotib, Junaidi and Faiyazuddin, Md and Widodo, Riyanto Teguh and Haris, Muhammad Salahuddin and Budiman, Hendra (2026) Recent advances in hormone-based biopharmaceuticals for cancer therapy. Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute, 38 (1). pp. 1-16. ISSN 1110-0362 E-ISSN 2589-0409
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Abstract
Hormone-dependent cancers, particularly estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and androgen receptor-driven prostate cancer, contribute substantially to global cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Endocrine therapy has long been the mainstay of treatment for these tumors because of its specific mechanism and good safety profile. The long-term success of common hormone-based treatments is often undermined by resistance, both intrinsic and acquired, disease recurrence, and the activation of compensatory pathways that tumor cells have adapted to. To overcome these challenges, it has been necessary to develop high-quality hormone-based biopharmaceuticals that target the molecular level, enhance pharmacokinetics, and apply precision medicine strategies. The goal of this literature review is to provide an update on progress in hormone-based biopharmaceuticals for cancer management, with a particular focus on preventing endocrine resistance in hormone-dependent cancers. Among the treatments mentioned in the review, most are oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) for ER positive breast cancer, oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists for prostate cancer, genomically guided combination therapy that integrates inhibitors of the CDK4/6 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, and nextgeneration androgen receptor (AR) degraders based on proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology. There is new evidence that these biopharmaceutical methods may be able to treat patients better over longer periods. For those who are less responsive, these approaches are even more effective when paired with proper biopharmaceutical methods, as in the case of hormone therapy. While targeted protein degradation and biomarker-driven combination therapies are repositioning drug development away from receptor blockade, the latter remains the mainstay of treatment. However, these developments do not eliminate concerns related to longterm safety, cost-effectiveness, appropriate patient selection, and resistance to novel agents. The path for hormonebased biopharmaceuticals in personalized cancer therapy requires continuous translational research and clinical validation to determine the best place.
| Item Type: | Article (Review) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Endocrine therapy, Oral SERDs., GnRH antagonists, Endocrine resistance, PROTAC technology |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Kulliyyah of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmaceutical Technology |
| Depositing User: | Dr Deny Susanti Darnis |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Sep 2026 11:19 |
| Last Update: | 29 Sep 2026 11:19 |
| Queue Number: | 2026-09-Q5310 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/131560 |
| Indexed In: | WOS and SCOPUS, Google Scholar |
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