Awang, Anis Fadhlina Izyani and Hassan Ibrahim, Sheikh Mohamed (2026) A review and bibliometric analysis of farnesol as a natural anti-cariogenic agent: targeting the virulence factor of Streptococcus mutans. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 22 (4). pp. 561-570. ISSN 1823-8262 E-ISSN 2231-7538
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Abstract
Aims: Dental caries remains a prevalent global health issue, primarily driven by the virulence of Streptococcus mutans. While fluoride and chlorhexidine are common preventive agents, their limitations have led to increased interest in natural alternatives. Farnesol, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol, has shown promising anti-cariogenic properties by targeting bacterial virulence without promoting resistance. This review systematically examines the anti-cariogenic properties of farnesol targeting S. mutans, complemented by a bibliometric analysis to elucidate research trends, thematic progression and knowledge gaps within this field. Methodology and results: A literature search was conducted using the Scopus database with the keyword “Farnesol and Streptococcus mutans,” yielding 42 relevant articles published from 2002 to 2024. Key studies were examined through bibliometric keyword analysis, with VOSviewer employed to perform the analysis and generate visual representations of keyword co-occurrence networks. The bibliometric analysis identified main research clusters such as biofilm inhibition and regulation of virulence-associated genes, development of targeted delivery systems, in vivo efficacy validation, integration into dental restorative materials and combinatorial therapeutic strategies. Farnesol disrupts S. mutans biofilm formation, compromises membrane integrity and modulates the expression of virulence genes such as luxS, gtfB and brpA. Synergistic effects with agents like apigenin, myricetin and fluoride have been documented. Advanced delivery systems, including liposomes and nano-formulations, enhance its bioactivity. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Farnesol offers a promising anti-virulence strategy for caries prevention, with demonstrated efficacy and potential for clinical translation. Further research is needed to refine formulations, assess long-term safety and validate outcomes through clinical trials.
| Item Type: | Article (Journal) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Anti-cariogenic, bibliometric, farnesol, Streptococcus mutans, VOSviewer |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QR Microbiology R Medicine > RK Dentistry |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | Kulliyyah of Dentistry > Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences Kulliyyah of Dentistry |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Anis Fadhlina |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Sep 2026 09:25 |
| Last Update: | 04 Sep 2026 09:25 |
| Queue Number: | 2026-08-Q4983 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/131090 |
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