Mohamed Sofiadin, Aidrina (2026) Expert validation of an extended reality framework for outcome-based education: a proposed validation protocol. Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 26 (1). pp. 18-24. ISSN 0975-4350 E-ISSN 0975-4172
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Abstract
Extended Reality (XR) technologies, encompassing Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR), hold transformative potential for Outcome-Based Education (OBE), yet frameworks to guide their systematic, outcomes-aligned integration into higher education remain scarce and insufficiently validated. Existing XR instructional design frameworks specify general pedagogical planning procedures without explicit alignment with graduate outcome accreditation regimes, such as those governing ASEAN higher education. This paper proposes an expert validation protocol for an eight-step XR-OBE integration framework spanning learning outcome identification, technology assessment, curriculum integration, pilot programme development, experiential implementation, data collection, iterative refinement, and continuous quality improvement. The proposed validation employs a mixed-methods design that combines Content Validity Index (CVI) scoring, an interrater reliability check using a modified kappa statistic, structured expert rubrics, focus group discussions, and a two-round Delphi consensus technique with seven purposively selected academic and industry experts. The paper specifies expert selection criteria, validation instruments, a six-phase protocol with explicit entry and exit criteria, and a convergent mixed-methods analytical plan grounded in established trustworthiness criteria. Anticipated outcomes include a content-validated, evidence-based framework suitable for adoption across higher education institutions (HEIs) and scalable within Malaysia’s MySTIE Education and Ekonomi MADANI policy agendas, together with a reusable validation protocol transferable to other emerging educational technology frameworks.
| Item Type: | Article (Journal) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Extended Reality (XR) Outcome-Based Education (OBE) Expert Validation; Delphi Method Content Validity Index; Higher Education Immersive Learning Curriculum Design |
| Subjects: | L Education > L Education (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) > T10.5 Communication of technical information |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology > Department of Information System Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology > Department of Information System |
| Depositing User: | DR AIDRINA MOHAMED SOFIADIN |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Aug 2026 16:55 |
| Last Update: | 09 Aug 2026 16:55 |
| Queue Number: | 2026-08-Q4556 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/130581 |
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