Riaz, Samiya and M. A. Bukhari, Kawthar and Haque, Sanjida and Atif, Saira and Zafar, Muhammad Sohail and Syed, Sadia (2026) Modernizing forensic anthropology: a data-driven pipeline for human identification and profiling. European Journal of Dentistry, 20 (2). pp. 392-398. ISSN 1305-7456 E-ISSN 1305-7464
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Abstract
Forensic odontology has traditionally relied on dental morphology and odontometric measurements for identification and profiling purposes. Innovations in imaging technologies (high-resolution two-dimensional [2D] radiography, cone-beam computed tomography [CBCT], and intraoral three-dimensional [3D] scanning), geometric morphometrics analysis (GMA), and artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the collection, analysis, and interpretation of dental data. Relevant literature was identified through searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the keywords forensic odontology, CBCT, GMA, AI segmentation, and human identification, focusing on English-language studies published between 2010 and 2025. This narrative review consolidates the existing evidence regarding (1) the enhancement of data acquisition and comparability through 2D and 3D imaging; (2) the quantification of dental sexual dimorphism by GMA and its application in machine learning (ML) classifiers; (3) recent advancements in sex-prediction models derived from tooth metrics and 3D shape data; and (4) the facilitation of dental model creation and identification workflows through AI-driven segmentation. The discussion encompasses practical benefits, existing limitations, validation requirements, and prospective directions for the adoption of this technique in forensic applications.
| Item Type: | Article (Review) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Forensic odontology, human identification, digital imaging, artificial intelligence, geometric morphometrics, CBCT |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RK Dentistry |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | Kulliyyah of Dentistry > Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Dr Samiya Riaz |
| Date Deposited: | 15 May 2026 16:30 |
| Last Modified: | 15 May 2026 16:30 |
| Queue Number: | 2026-05-Q3325 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/127674 |
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