Toxicity and teratogenicity evaluation of ethanolic extract from Momordica charantia fruit using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo model

Perumal, Vikneswari and Khatib, Alfi and Ahmed, Qamar Uddin and Uzir, Bisha Fathamah and Murugesu, Suganya and Primaharinastiti, Riesta and El-Seedi, H. R. and Selamat, Jinap (2022) Toxicity and teratogenicity evaluation of ethanolic extract from Momordica charantia fruit using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo model. International Food Research Journal, 29 (3). pp. 531-553. ISSN 1985-4668 E-ISSN 2231-7546

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Abstract

Zebra fish (Danio rerio), a freshwater fish, has become a favoured animal model to assess the teratogenicity effects of various compounds. Momordica charantia is a fruit traditionally used as a functional food to treat various ailments. In the present work, 80% ethanolic extract of M. charantia fruit was investigated for its teratogenicity effects on the zebrafish embryos. The embryos of 12 h post-fertilisation were immersed in the ethanolic extract at various concentrations of 250, 500, 750, 1,000, and 1,250 mg/L prepared in 2% DMSO. Microscopic observation was carried out every 24 h. Results showed an increased mortality rate, and a delayed hatching rate with increasing concentration. Some of the deformities observed included hyperactivity, crooked backbone, reduced pigmentation, awkward positioning, and coagulation at the highest concentration. Probit analysis resulted in 725.90 mg/L as the median lethal concentration (LC50). Chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of propanedioic acid, malic acid, contrunculin-A, glutamine, D-fructose, sorbopyranose, xylitol, galactonic acid, D-mannitol, and mannose. These compounds may contribute to the deformities observed in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, M. charantia fruit must be consumed with caution and within the recommended amount.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Momordica charantia, Danio rerio, teratogenicity, DanioScope, median lethal concentration
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Kulliyyah of Pharmacy
Depositing User:	Dr Qamar Uddin Ahmed
Date Deposited:	21 Jul 2022 14:25
Last Modified:	21 Jul 2022 14:37
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/98885

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