Jihadi, N. I. M. and Hashim, Yumi Zuhanis Has-Yun and Ab Rahim, Nurhidayah and Kamal, K.M. and Mohd Noor, Najihah and Abdullah Sani, Muhamad Shirwan and Mahamad Maifiah, Mohd Hafidz
(2020)
Antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Aquilaria malaccensis against multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogen.
Food Research, 4 (6).
pp. 1962-1968.
E-ISSN 2550-2166
Abstract
The rapid emergence of resistant Gram-negative bacteria and the limited discovery of
novel antibiotic is a global healthcare challenge. Many medicinal plants with potent
bioactivities have been developed for the treatment of bacterial infections. Aquilaria
malaccensis exhibits wide applications from perfumes and aromatic foods ingredients and
great potential in medicines. In this study, crude leaf extract of A. malaccensis was
evaluated for its antibacterial activity against several pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria.
The leaves were processed and extracted by Soxhlet method using ethanol as the solvent.
The antibacterial activity of the crude extract was tested by disc diffusion method,
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)
against Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 10031
and ATCC 700603) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 1129). Using the optimized method, the
Soxhlet extract produced a yield of 178.41 mg/g. Treatment of the extract at 200 mg/mL
displayed the largest inhibition zones of 14.0 mm and 9.7 mm against A. baumannii and
K. pneumoniae ATCC 10031, respectively. In contrast, against E. coli and K. pneumoniae
ATCC 700603, smaller zones of inhibitions of 3.3 mm were demonstrated. The MIC
values of the extract were 32 mg/mL against A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae ATCC
10031 and 64 mg/mL against E. coli and K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603. The MBC values
of the extract were consistent with the MIC values for all the bacteria investigated.
Overall, this study was the first to show antibacterial activity of A. malaccensis leaves
extract particularly against A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae and potentially develop for
the treatment of resistant bacteria.
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