Alkhatib, Hamzeh and Mawazi, SaeidMezail and Al-Mahmood, SinanMohammed Abdullah and Zaiter, Ahmad and Doolaanea, Abd Almonem
(2020)
Thymoquinone content in marketed black seed oil in Malaysia.
Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences, 12 (3).
pp. 284-288.
ISSN 0975-7406
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major active compound in black seed oil (BSO). Many pharmacological effects of TQ, such
as anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, immune stimulator, and anticancer, have been reported. TQ can be
considered as a biomarker for BSO, but its content in the commercial products is rarely reported. TQ content varies based
on the oil source and extraction method. This study aimed to quantify the TQ content in the commercial BSO products in
Malaysia and to evaluate whether the products can be used as a source of TQ for therapeutic benefits. TQ was quantified
using an established high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. TQ human equivalent dose (HED) was
calculated based on reported animal studies from literature, and theoretical BSO amount containing the TQ dose was
calculated based on the HPLC analysis. TQ content in the commercial BSO products ranged from 0.07% wt/wt to 1.88%
wt/wt. The product with the highest TQ concentration is approximately 27-fold higher than the product with the lowest
TQ concentration. Consequently, theoretical BSO amounts needed for specific diseases varied and some products cannot
provide practical amount of TQ. This study recommends the regulation of TQ content in BSO and suggests that the BSO
might be fortified with extra TQ to be effectively used in some diseases.
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