Phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-Graviola (Annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages

Daddiouaissa, Djabir and Amid, Azura and Ahmad, Syahida and Elnour, Ahmed (2020) Phytochemical analysis of ionic liquid-Graviola (Annona muricata) fruit extract and its acute toxicity on zebrafish early-life stages. Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 28 (2). pp. 113-124. ISSN 0128-7451 E-ISSN 2672-7277

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Abstract

Annona muricata, commonly known as soursop and Graviola, is a member of the Annonaceae family. Some of its phytochemicals were reported to have a neurotoxicity effect causing neurodegenerative diseases. However, different parts of this tree have been used for ages in traditional medicine due to their biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer effects. This study aimed to qualitatively screen the crude ionic liquid-Graviola fruit extract (IL-GFE) phytochemical composition, assess its acute toxicity and determine the lethal concentrations using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. IL-GFE contains acetogenins, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins and flavonoids. Acute toxicity effects of IL-GFE on zebrafish embryos were observed from 24 to 120 hours of post fertilisation (hpf). The survival rate, LC50, sublethal endpoints and effect of IL-GFE on the heart rate of zebrafish larvae were assessed. Results showed that the lethal concentration (LC50) of the crude IL-GFE was 173.45 μg/mL. Interestingly, no significant changes on the morphology of the treated zebrafish were observed at a concentration of 125 μg/mL. However, the heart rate of zebrafish larvae at 96 hpf was significantly decreased by 33.76% after treated with crude IL-GFE at 125 μg/mL (119.00 ± 4.72 beats/min) as compared to the untreated group (179.67 ± 4.66 beats/min). This preliminary finding showed that crude ionic liquid-Graviola fruit extract and its phytoconstituents might have the potential to be developed as a food supplement or herbal product. However, further tests need to be conducted to evaluate its medicinal properties and adverse effects on organisms of higher orders.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Additional Information:	3688/81256
Uncontrolled Keywords:	acute toxicity, Annona muricata (Graviola), phytochemicals, teratogenicity, zebrafish assay
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SB Plant culture
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART)
Depositing User:	Irni Izwah Abu Bakar
Date Deposited:	03 Jul 2020 17:09
Last Modified:	10 Dec 2020 15:48
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/81256

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