Recycling and disposal of lithium batteries: an economical and environmental approach

Rahman, Mohammed Ataur and Afroz, Rafia and Safrin, Mohd (2017) Recycling and disposal of lithium batteries: an economical and environmental approach. IIUM Engineering Journal, 18 (2). pp. 238-252. ISSN 1511-788X E-ISSN 2289-7860.

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Abstract

The adoption of lithium-ion battery technology for electric vehicles/hybrid electric vehicles (EV/HEV) has recently received attention worldwide. The price of cobalt (Co) and lithium (Li) has increased due to the production of EV/HEV. A used lithium battery is a valuable source of active metals (Co, Li, and Al) and the optimal way of extracting these metals from this waste is still studied. The focus of this paper is to recover active metals using the hydrometallurgical method on a laboratory scale with a 48.8 Wh battery to reveal economic and environmental benefits. Calcination of extracted active metals as pre-thermal treatment has been conducted at 700°C to remove the organic compounds from the surface of active metals. The experiment has been conducted and the result shows that the recovery of active metals (cathode) is 41% of the cell cathode and 8.5% of the cell anode materials, which represent 48.8% and 23.4% of the cathode and anode cell material price, respectively. By recycling about 47.34% of the battery active metals, emissions can be reduced by 47.61% for battery metal production and 60.7% for disposal transportation of the used battery. The total emission can be reduced by about 52.85% by recycling the active metals in used batteries.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Additional Information:	5264/59957
Uncontrolled Keywords:	: Li-ion battery; electro-chemistry; calcination; recycling;economics and environmental values
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ807 Renewable energy sources
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Engineering
Depositing User:	Dr Md Ataur Rahman
Date Deposited:	11 Dec 2017 21:53
Last Modified:	21 Dec 2017 11:59
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/59957

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