Removal of fluoride using quaternized palm kernel shell as adsorbents: Equilibrium isotherms and kinetics studies

Abu Bakar, Ayu Haslija and Koay, Yin Shin and Ching, Yernchee and Chuah Abdullah, Luqman and Choong, Thomas S Y and Al-Khatib, Ma'an Fahmi Rashid and Mobarekeh, Mohsen Nourouzi and Mohd Zahri, Nur Amirah (2016) Removal of fluoride using quaternized palm kernel shell as adsorbents: Equilibrium isotherms and kinetics studies. BioResources, 11 (2). pp. 4485-4511. ISSN 1930-2126

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Abstract

Palm kernel shell (PKS) core fibers, an agricultural waste, were chemically modified using N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CHMAC) as a quaternizing agent. The potential of quaternized palm kernel shell (QPKS) as an adsorbent for fluoride in an aqueous solution was then studied. The quaternized palm kernel shell (QPKS) core fibers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of various factors on the fluoride sequestration was also investigated. The results showed that with an increase in the adsorbent amount and contact time, the efficiency of fluoride removal was improved. The maximum fluoride uptake was obtained at pH 3 and a contact time of 4 h. The adsorption behavior was further investigated using equilibrium isotherms and kinetics studies. The results from these studies fit well into Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Sips isotherm's with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9716. The maximum fluoride removal was 63%. For kinetics studies, the pseudo-second order was the best fit for fluoride, with an R2 of 0.999. These results suggest that QPKS has the potential to serve as a low-cost adsorbent for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Additional Information:	5595/56436
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Adsorption; Fluoride removal; Isotherms; Kinetics; Quartenized palm kernel shells
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Engineering Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Biotechnology Engineering
Depositing User:	Dr. Ma'an Alkhatib
Date Deposited:	12 Apr 2017 10:40
Last Modified:	02 May 2024 12:34
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/56436

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