Radin Abdul Halim, Radin Siti Hajar and Md Aris, Mohd Aznan and Mohd Rus, Razman (2026) Reliability and validity of the insulin treatment appraisal scale (ITAS-M) Malay version among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Kuantan, Pahang. In: 28th Family Medicine Scientific Conference 2026, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Abstract
Introduction: Effective management of diabetes mellitus often requires insulin therapy, yet psychological barriers toward insulin initiation are common among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), contributing to clinical inertia and suboptimal glycaemic control. The Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale (ITAS), originally developed and validated by Snoek et al. in 2007, is a widely used instrument to assess patients’ attitudes toward insulin therapy. However, a validated Malay version is lacking. Methods: A cross-sectional validation study was conducted among 250 adults with T2DM attending a primary care clinic in Pahang. The ITAS was translated using forward-backward translation and expert review. Psychometric testing included internal consistency (Cronbach’s α and MIIC) and construct validity, assessed via exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results: The ITAS-M demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.82). Sampling adequacy was acceptable (KMO = 0.83; Bartlett’s test p < 0.001). EFA identified a five-factor structure explaining 56.36% of total variance: challenges, social stigma, self-failure, burden, and positive benefits. Conclusion: The ITAS-M is a valid and reliable instrument to assess attitudes toward insulin therapy among Malay-speaking adults with T2DM in the Malaysian primary care setting. Its use may facilitate early identification of psychological barriers to insulin initiation in clinical and research settings.
| Item Type: | Proceeding Paper (Poster) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | reliability, validity, insulin |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC627 Specialties of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Diseases R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | Kulliyyah of Medicine > Department of Community Medicine (Effective: 1st January 2011) Kulliyyah of Medicine > Department of Family Medicine (Effective: 1st January 2011) |
| Depositing User: | nur hakimah a manan |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Oct 2026 15:48 |
| Last Update: | 20 Oct 2026 15:48 |
| Queue Number: | 2026-10-Q5732 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/132104 |
| Indexed In: | UNSPECIFIED |
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