Optimization of Cyperus Rotundus L. essential oil extraction and its in vitro α-glucosidase and anti-inflammatory activities

Masfria, Masfria and Shayputra, Hafid and Reveny, Julia and Marianne, Marriane and Bakhtiar, M. Taher and Akbar, Harun and Silalahi, Fito and Gea, Hilmy (2026) Optimization of Cyperus Rotundus L. essential oil extraction and its in vitro α-glucosidase and anti-inflammatory activities. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research, 14 (5). pp. 1-23. ISSN 0719-4250

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Abstract

Context: Cyperus rotundus L. tubers contain essential oils with reported α-glucosidase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities. Aims: This study optimized the extraction of essential oil from C. rotundus tubers and evaluated the in vitro inhibitory activities of the resulting oil. Methods: Essential oil was extracted using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation in a Stahl apparatus. A Box–Behnken design with three variables—microwave power, solvent-to-material ratio, and extraction time—was applied within the response surface methodology framework. The responses included essential oil yield, total phenolic content, and total terpenoid content. The optimized oil was characterized by GC–MS and evaluated in vitro using α-glucosidase inhibition and protein-denaturation inhibition assays. Results: The optimal extraction conditions were 600 W microwave power, a 1:7 g/mL solvent-to-material ratio, and 47.41 min extraction time. The optimized oil inhibited α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 171.89 ± 0.0087 µg/mL, compared with 277.57 ± 0.0059 µg/mL for acarbose under the same assay conditions. Protein- denaturation inhibition was moderate, with an IC50 of 109.19 ± 0.43 µg/mL, compared with 9.14 ± 0.06 µg/mL for sodium diclofenac. Conclusions: The optimized essential oil demonstrated preliminary in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory and moderate protein-denaturation inhibitory activities. These findings represent screening-level evidence. Further chemical characterization, mechanistic assays, safety evaluation, and in vivo studies are required before any therapeutic or disease-management relevance can be concluded.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	alpha-glucosidases; anti-inflammatory agents; distillation; essential oils; plant extracts; terpenes
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica > RS192 Materia Medica-Pharmaceutical Technology
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Kulliyyah of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
Depositing User:	Dr Muhammad Taher
Date Deposited:	30 Sep 2026 14:15
Last Update:	30 Sep 2026 14:15
Queue Number:	2026-09-Q5351
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/131626
Indexed In:	WOS Core Collection

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