Bhatti, Zohra and Tariq, Ayesha and Khan, Amer Hayat and Laghari, Madeeha and Talpur, Bandeh Ali (2026) Major adverse cardiovascular events in insulin‐ versus non‐insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes patients following percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective cohort study. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 23 (1). pp. 1-11. ISSN 1522-1946 E-ISSN 1522-726X
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Abstract
Background: Insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes millatus (ITDM) is associated with heigher cardiovascular risk profile. However its impact on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) following poorer percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unclear. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate major adverse cardiovascular events in insulin‐treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) and noninsulin‐treated diabetes mellitus (Non‐ITDM) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients' post‐PCI. Methods: A single‐center prospective cohort study was conducted in which 465 T2DM patients undergoing PCI and completing the 1‐year follow‐up were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups based on their therapy for DM: ITDM and Non‐ITDM. The primary endpoint was MACE, a composite of non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), repeat PCI, and mortality. Results: Logistic regression confirmed higher odds of MACE among ITDM compared to Non‐ITDM patients (unadjusted OR = 1.743, 95% CI: 0.865–3.512, p = 0.120; adjusted OR = 1.729, 95% CI: 0.822–3.635, p = 0.149). Kaplan–Meier analysis illustrated increased cumulative incidence of MACE among ITDM over 12 months (Log rank p = 0.113). Similarly, Cox proportional hazards analysis reported higher hazard ratios in the insulin‐treated group (unadjusted HR = 1.695, 95% CI: 0.874–3.284, p = 0.118; adjusted HR = 1.554, 95% CI: 0.793–3.045, p = 0.199). Yet the results were not statistically significant. Overall, a higher incidence of MACE was reported among ITDM (12.5%) compared to Non‐ITDM (7.5%), particularly repeat PCI (4.8% vs. 2.5%) and stroke (3.8% vs. 1.4%) among T2DM patients after PCI. Conclusion: T2DM patients receiving insulin therapy had a higher incidence of adverse cardiovascular events compared to those not on insulin treatment, that insulin‐treated patients may represent a higher‐risk group for MACE following PCI.
| Item Type: | Article (Journal) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Insulin‐treated diabetes mellitus; Major adverse cardiovascular outcomes; Non‐insulin‐treated diabetes mellitus; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC627 Specialties of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Diseases R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC667 Specialties of Internal Medicine-Diseases of Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Kulliyyah of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmacy Practice |
| Depositing User: | Dr Zohra Bhatti |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Sep 2026 14:50 |
| Last Update: | 14 Sep 2026 14:50 |
| Queue Number: | 2026-09-Q5059 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/131196 |
| Indexed In: | WOS and SCOPUS |
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