Instrument development of attitudes towards egalitarian education scale

Nek Rakami, Nik Muhammad Hanis and Md Zalli, Mohd Muslim and Ismail, Nik Ahmad Hisham and Abu Kassim, Noor Lide and Yulu, Jin (2026) Instrument development of attitudes towards egalitarian education scale. Journal of Education and Learning, 20 (3). pp. 1553-1561. ISSN 2089-9823 E-ISSN 2302-9277

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Abstract

This paper discusses the instrumentation process that was developed to measure teachers’ attitudes towards egalitarian education in the context of a multiracial society. The researchers have developed a new, culturally relevant survey to assess a previously unexplored construct (teachers’ attitudes towards egalitarian education). Researchers have employed an eight-step process: i) operationalizing the meaning of attitudes towards egalitarian education; ii) identifying a theoretical framework on attitudes towards egalitarian education; iii) exploring dimensions of attitudes from focus group discussion; iv) drafting preliminary items on egalitarian education based on focus group findings; v) validating the content of the attitudes towards egalitarian education items via expert judgment; vi) conducting a pilot test of the attitudes towards egalitarian education scale; vii) finalizing the attitudes towards egalitarian education scale; and viii) translating the attitudes towards egalitarian education scale. This is the first validated instrument specifically developed for Malay teachers, addressing a critical gap in egalitarian educational research. The careful development process ensures that the questionnaire accurately measures the issues raised in the study. This study provides clear information on how the egalitarian education attitudes scale is implemented and establishes a foundation for future cross-cultural adaptations in similar educational settings

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Egalitarian Education, Scale Development, Survey Validation and Focus Group Discussion
Subjects:	L Education > L Education (General) L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB1050.9 Educational psychology
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Education > Department of Educational Psychology & Counseling
Depositing User:	PROFESSOR NIK AHMAD HISHAM ISMAIL
Date Deposited:	27 Aug 2026 16:27
Last Update:	27 Aug 2026 16:27
Queue Number:	2026-08-Q4940
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/131040

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