Prototype of a low-cost AC-side anomaly detection and alert system for residential photovoltaic installations

Mohd Asri, Muhammad Adam Suhair and Abu Hanifah, Mohd Shahrin and Gunawan, Teddy Surya and Zainazlan, Ahmad Fathi and Harun, Harlisya and Mansor, Hasmah (2025) Prototype of a low-cost AC-side anomaly detection and alert system for residential photovoltaic installations. In: 2025 IEEE 11th International Conference on Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Applications (ICSIMA), 10-11 September 2025, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

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Abstract

The increasing deployment of residential photovoltaic (PV) systems calls for affordable and reliable monitoring solutions to enhance safety and operational awareness. This paper presents a prototype Indicator Light Photovoltaic (ILPV) system for low-cost AC-side anomaly detection and alerting in small-scale PV installations. The system integrates a voltage sensor (ZMPT101B) and a current sensor (ACS712) with an ESP32 microcontroller to provide real-time measurements, visual status indicators, audible alarms, and optional Wi-Fi–enabled remote notifications. Experimental validation was performed under two supply scenarios, grid and standalone inverter, using both no-load and 10 W load tests. Results showed voltage measurement accuracy within 1% of a calibrated multimeter, detection of load-induced voltage drops, and current variations averaging 0.035 A under load. The system also detected transient overvoltage events, registering a simulated surge of approximately 6 V in milliseconds. While testing was limited to low-power indoor conditions and AC-side monitoring, the ILPV demonstrated the ability to classify basic supply states and promptly alert operators. Designed as a scalable, cost-effective add-on, the ILPV can serve as a secondary protection and awareness layer in residential PV systems, with future work extending capabilities to PV-side fault detection, environmental sensing, and outdoor real-world deployment.

Item Type:	Proceeding Paper (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Photovoltaic systems;Visualization;Voltage measurement;Accuracy;Inverters;Real-time systems;Transient analysis;Monitoring;Anomaly detection;Wireless fidelity;Photovoltaic monitoring;ESP32-based monitoring;AC-side anomaly detection;residential PV safety;inverter output monitoring
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK3001 Distribution or transmission of electric power. The electric power circuit
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kulliyyah of Engineering
Depositing User:	DR MOHD SHAHRIN ABU HANIFAH
Date Deposited:	18 Dec 2025 16:15
Last Modified:	18 Dec 2025 16:15
Queue Number:	2025-12-Q700
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/125469

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