The microbiota–gut–brain axis: key mechanisms driving glymphopathy and cerebral small vessel disease

Che Mohd Nassir, Che Mohd Nasril and Che Ramli, Muhammad Danial and Mohammad Ghazali, Mazira and Jaffer, Usman and Abdul Hamid, Hafizah and Mehat, Muhammad Zulfadli and Hein, Zaw Myo (2024) The microbiota–gut–brain axis: key mechanisms driving glymphopathy and cerebral small vessel disease. LIFE, 15 (1). pp. 1-28. E-ISSN 2075-1729

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Abstract

The human microbiota constitute a very complex ecosystem of microorganisms inhabiting both the inside and outside of our bodies, in which health maintenance and disease modification are the main regulatory features. The recent explosion of microbiome research has begun to detail its important role in neurological health, particularly concerning cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), a disorder associated with cognitive decline and vascular dementia. This narrative review represents state-of-the-art knowledge of the intimate, complex interplay between microbiota and brain health through the gut–brain axis (GBA) and the emerging role of glymphatic system dysfunction (glymphopathy) and circulating cell-derived microparticles (MPs) as mediators of these interactions. We discuss how microbial dysbiosis promotes neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, and impaired waste clearance in the brain, which are critical factors in the pathogenesis of CSVD. Further, we discuss lifestyle factors that shape the composition and functionality of the microbiota, focusing on sleep as a modifiable risk factor in neurological disorders. This narrative review presents recent microbiome research from a neuroscientific and vascular perspective to establish future therapeutic avenues in targeting the microbiota to improve brain health and reduce the burden of CSVD.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	microbiota; gut–brain axis; microparticles; cerebral small vessel disease; sleep; glymphatic system
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences > Department of Psychology
Depositing User:	Dr Usman Jaffer
Date Deposited:	27 Jan 2025 11:40
Last Modified:	12 Feb 2025 17:09
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/118847

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