The bending effects on the performance of a flexible circular microstrip antenna on rubber-carbon substrates at 2.45 GHz

Ruslan, Ahmad Alhadi and Mohamad, Sarah Yasmin and Abdul Malek, Norun Farihah and Yusoff, Siti Hajar and Ibrahim, Siti Noorjannah (2025) The bending effects on the performance of a flexible circular microstrip antenna on rubber-carbon substrates at 2.45 GHz. TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control, 23 (1). pp. 1-10. ISSN 1693-6930 E-ISSN 2302-9293

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Abstract

In this paper, we studied the effects of bending on the performance of a flexible circular microstrip antenna on rubber-carbon substrates at the 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. Several rubber compositions are analyzed which include natural rubber (no carbon filler), rubber with 20% carbon filler, rubber with 25% carbon filler, and rubber with 50% carbon filler. Four types of bending directions are applied in this work i.e., side-inward, side-outward, top-inward, and top-outward with bending radius ranging from 100-500 mm. It is observed that even though the resonant frequency of the antenna shifted a bit when bending is applied, the S11 at the intended frequency remains below -10 dB. The bandwidth and gain also maintain an acceptable performance despite all the directions and radius of the bending, due to the wide bandwidth characteristics of the antenna. With these results, the proposed antenna is shown to be usable for wearable applications at 2.45 GHz, in both flat and bent conditions. We also show that it is essential to design a flexible antenna with a wide bandwidth to guarantee that the antenna maintains optimal performance even under curved conditions.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bending effects, Flexible microstrip antenna, Industrial, scientific and medical band, Rubber-carbon substrate, Wearable antenna
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, radio, radar, television
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Depositing User:	Dr Sarah Yasmin Mohamad
Date Deposited:	15 Jan 2025 14:09
Last Modified:	15 Jan 2025 14:52
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/118109

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