Wan Azman, Wan Norlina and Musa, Norsyuhadah and Tuan Ismail, Tuan Salwani and Harun, Azian and Yaacob, Najib Majdi and Sulong, Sarina and Kuttulebbai Naina Mohamed Salam, Sirajudeen and Che Mat, Mahaya and Zulkeflee, Hani Ajrina and Mohammad Nazri, Nor Amirah
(2023)
A preliminary study on Tumour Necrosis factor- Alpha (TNF-α) Level in COVID-19 Patients.
Medicine & Health, 18 (7 (Suppl)).
pp. 162-163.
ISSN 1823-2140
E-ISSN 2289-5728
Abstract
Introduction: Cytokine storms have a substantial role in developing lung injury,
multiorgan dysfunction, and mortality in persons afflicted with COVID-19.
Cytokine storms have been associated with various immune-active molecules,
such as interleukins and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Therefore, this crosssectional
study aimed to evaluate the level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
in COVID-19 severity. Materials and Methods: This study involved 188 COVID-19
patients aged 18 to 80 who were hospitalised at Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab
II Kelantan between January 2021 and December 2021. The TNF-α serum levels
were analysed using the ELISA method and measured at 450 nm using the SkanIt
RE microplate reader. The patients were classified into five clinical stages based on
the Annex 2e guidelines published by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia; they were
further classified by severity as mild to moderate disease (stages 1-3) or severe to
critical illness (stages 4-5). Results: The study included a total of 188 COVID-19
patients with a mean (SD) age of 45.52 (16.10) for mild to moderate and 57.14 (13.71)
for severe to critical. There is a significant difference between age and gender for
both groups (p-value < 0.01) and (p-value = 0.002), respectively. The TNF-α serum
levels in the stages 4-5 group are higher as compared to the stages 1-3 group with
median (IQR) of 132.63 (108.38) and 116.31 (134.8) respectively, but they were
statistically insignificant (p-values = 0.078). Conclusion: The levels of TNF-α in the
serum of COVID-19 patients in the mild to moderate group and those in the severe
to critical group exhibited a statistically insignificant increase. This preliminary study suggests that TNF-α may be used as a potential immune active marker of severe
SARS-COV-2 infections. A larger scale study is required to confirm this.
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