El-Seedi, Hesham R. and Ahmed, Hanan R. and Abd El-Wahed, Aida A. and Saeed, Aamer and Algethami, Ahmed F. and Attia, Nour F. and Guo, Zhiming and Musharraf, Syed G. and Khatib, Alfi and Alsharif, Sultan M. and Al Naggar, Yahya and Khalifa, Shaden A. M. and Wang, Kai (2022) Bee stressors from an immunological perspective and strategies to improve bee health. Veterinary Sciences, 9 (5). ISSN 2306-7381
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Abstract
Honeybees are the most prevalent insect pollinator species; they pollinate a wide range of crops. Colony collapse disorder (CCD), which is caused by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors, incurs high economic/ecological loss. Despite extensive research to identify and study the various ecological stressors such as microbial infections, exposure to pesticides, loss of habitat, and improper beekeeping practices that are claimed to cause these declines, the deep understanding of the observed losses of these important insects is still missing. Honeybees have an innate immune system, which includes physical barriers and cellular and humeral responses to defend against pathogens and parasites. Exposure to various stressors may affect this system and the health of individual bees and colonies. This review summarizes and discusses the composition of the honeybee immune system and the consequences of exposure to stressors, individually or in combinations, on honeybee immune competence. In addition, we discuss the relationship between bee nutrition and immunity. Nutrition and phytochemicals were highlighted as the factors with a high impact on honeybee immunity.
| Item Type: | Article (Review) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | 6915/108686 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | honeybees, immunity, agrochemicals, nutrition, ecological stressors, sustainable beekeeping |
| Subjects: | S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Kulliyyah of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry |
| Depositing User: | Dr. Alfi Khatib |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Dec 2023 09:47 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Dec 2023 09:47 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/108686 |
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