Kow, Ren Yi and Low, Chooi Leng and Ayeop, Mohd Adham Shah and Che Ahmad, Aminudin and Awang, Mohd Shukrimi (2022) Characteristics and microbiological profile of patients with diabetic foot infections in Kuantan, Pahang. Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal, Vol 16 (1). pp. 11-17. ISSN 1985-2533 E-ISSN 2232-111X
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Abstract
Introduction: The number of people suffering from diabetic foot infection (DFI) has increased precipitously over the years in Malaysia, owing to increased population, urbanisation, the surge of number of people with obesity and physical inactivity. As one of the most dreaded complications of diabetes mellitus, DFI is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We aim to study the microbiological profile of patients with DFI at a university hospital in Kuantan, Pahang. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was carried out at at Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre @IIUM (SASMEC @IIUM) from 1 January 2018 to 30 April 2019. Patients’ demographic data, types of infection and surgical intervention, and the microbiological profile were obtained from the medical records. Results: A total of 142 causative pathogens were cultured from 130 tissue samples, with an average of 1.09 pathogens per lesion. Majority of the pathogens were gram-negative pathogens (52.8%). Staphylococcus sp. was the most common pathogen isolated (22.5%). This was followed by Streptococcus sp. (10.6%), Pseudomonas sp. (9.2%), Morganella sp. (5.6%), Klebsiella sp. (4.9%), Enterobacter sp. (4.9%), and others. Among the 142 pathogens, there were 9 multidrug-resistant strains observed. Most of the antibiotics were effective against the gram-positive pathogens except benzylpenicillin, tetracyclin, fusidic acid and ciprofloxacin. Meanwhile, cefotaxime, amoxicillin and ampicillin-sulbactam were also not suitable against gramnegative pathogens. Oxacillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim can be used as empirical antibiotics against gram-positive pathogens, while vancomycin should be reserved for patients with septic shock or suspected multidrug resistant strain infection. Piperacillin/tazobactam and ceftazidime can be used as empirical antibiotics against gram-negative pathogens. Conclusion: Early initiation of empirical antibiotic(s) is paramount to stymie the infection from getting worse while waiting for the identification of causative pathogens in the management of DFI. This study provides a guide for treating physicians to initiate the most appropriate empirical antibiotic in DFI.
| Item Type: | Article (Journal) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | 10427/106624 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | diabetic foot infection, diabetic ulcer, antibiotic, microbiology, Malaysia |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RD Surgery > RD701 Orthopedics |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | Kulliyyah of Medicine Kulliyyah of Medicine > Department of Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology & Rehabilitation |
| Depositing User: | Assoc. Prof Mohd Shukrimi Awang |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Sep 2023 12:54 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Sep 2023 12:54 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/106624 |
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