Kontrak pintar; analisis syariah dan parameter = Smart contract; shariah analysis and parameter

Mohamed Shaarani, Ahmad Zikrullah and Mohammad, Fidlizan and Mohd Noor, Azman and Osman, Mohd Farihal (2023) Kontrak pintar; analisis syariah dan parameter = Smart contract; shariah analysis and parameter. UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies, 10 (2 (July)). pp. 1-14. E-ISSN 2289-8204

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Abstract

Smart Contract is one of the new technological developments related to the Industrial Revolution 4.0 which emphasizes on the execution of contracts between two parties automatically based on the terms and conditions that have been agreed before. This concept minimizes the role of intermediaries that exist in traditionally executed contracts thus leading to positive effects such as cost reduction, saving time and money, less cases of fraud, manipulation and so on. Looking at the philosophy of smart contracts, it is in line with the Maqasid / Objectives of Syariah. However, the nature of this concept which relies on automation which means lack of human intervention in executing the content of the contract raises questions about shariah compliancy in the operationalization of this system especially regarding the function and eligibility of the computer system as a contracting parties rather that human, as well as what is fiqh adaptation for such concept, in addition to what is parameters and dawābit that is required to ensure that each product based on smart contracts is Shariah compliant in terms of its content, shariah monitoring process once the contract is executed, and other related issues. This study is based on a full library research where the concept of smart contracts is analyzed based on the framework of Shariah law in Muamalat, in addition to the latest technological developments related to it. The results of the study found that smart contract is an acceptable concept in Islam, but it needs some guidance and improvement to ensure it really coincides with the parameters required by Shariah, namely full compliance with the pillars and conditions of the contract, must also be in line with Maqasid al-Shariah and current applicable law, the existence of elements of compassion, consideration, tolerance/Tasāmuh and others. _________________________________________________________ Kontrak Pintar merupakan salah satu daripada perkembangan teknologi terkini berkaitan Revolusi Perindustrian 4.0 yang menekankan kepada pelaksanaan kontrak antara dua pihak secara automatik berdasarkan terma dan syarat yang telah dipersetujui bersama. Konsep ini meminimumkan peranan pengantara yang wujud dalam kontrak yang dilaksanakan secara tradisional, dan ia membawa kepada kesan positif seperti pengurangan kos, menjimatkan masa dan wang, mengurangkan kes penipuan, manipulasi dan sebagainya. Melihat kepada falsafah kontrak pintar, ia adalah selaras dengan Maqasid / Objektif Syariah. Walau bagaimanapun, sifat konsep ini yang bergantung kepada automasi yang bermaksud kurangnya campur tangan manusia dalam melaksanakan kandungan kontrak menimbulkan persoalantentangpematuhan Syariah dalam pengendalian konsep ini terutamanya mengenai fungsi dan kelayakan sistem computer sepenuhnya sebagai pihak yang berkontrak yang menggantikan fungsi manusia, serta apakah penyesuaian fiqh untuk konsep tersebut, juga apakah parameter dan dawābit yang diperlukan untuk memastikan setiap produk berdasarkan kontrak pintar adalah patuh Syariah dari segi kandungannya, juga proses pemantauan Syariah sebaik sahaja kontrak terlaksana. pasaran, dan isu-isu lain yang berkaitan. Kajian ini adalah berdasarkan kajian perpustakaan sepenuuhnyadi mana konsep kontrak pintar dianalisis berdasarkan rangka kerja perundangan Syariah dalam bidang muamalat, di samping perkembangan teknologi terkini yang berkaitan dengannya. Hasil kajian mendapati kontrak pintar merupakan satu konsep yang boleh diterima dalam Islam, namun ia memerlukan sedikit penyesuaian dan penambahbaikan bagi memastikan ia benar-benar bertepatan dengan parameter yang dikehendaki oleh Syariah iaitu pematuhan sepenuhnya kepada rukun dan syarat kontrak. Juga ia perlu selaras dengan Maqasid al-Shariah dan undang-undang semasa yang terpakai, wujudnya unsur ihsan, bertimbang rasa, toleransi/Tasamuh dan lain-lain.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Additional Information:	2902/105720
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Tasamuh, blockchain, Shariah compliance, Maqasid al-Shari‘ah,
Subjects:	BPH Islamic Economics > BP600.22 Kaffalah contract - Quaranty BPH Islamic Economics BPH Islamic Economics > BPH600.34 Wadi'ah - Contract - Valuables Selfkeeping
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Institute of Islamic Banking & Finance (IIiBF)
Depositing User:	Dr Azman Mohd Noor
Date Deposited:	21 Jul 2023 17:00
Last Modified:	28 Feb 2024 08:21
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/105720

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