The efficacy of herbs as complementary and alternative therapy in recovery and clinical outcome among people with Covid-19: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Komariah, Maria and Amirah, Shakirah and Maulana, Sidik and Abdurrahman, Muhammad Fahd and Ibrahim, Kusman and Platini, Hesti and Lele, Juan Alessandro Jeremis Maruli Nura and Kohar, Kelvin and Rahayuwati, Laili and Firdaus, Mohd Khairul Zul Hasymi (2023) The efficacy of herbs as complementary and alternative therapy in recovery and clinical outcome among people with Covid-19: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Therapeutic and Clinical Risk Management, 19. pp. 611-627. ISSN 1176-6336 E-ISSN 1178-203X

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Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues, and this condition has caused many cases in various countries around the world, resulting in more than 6 million deaths worldwide. Herbal medicines can act as immunomodulators, anti-inflammatories, antioxidants, antimicrobials, and others depending on the type and content of the herbs used. Previous studies have shown that several types of herbs, such as Echinacea purpurea, Curcumin or Turmeric, Nigella sativa, and Zingiber officinale, have proven their effectiveness as herbal plants for COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search through five databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Wiley, and ProQuest to assess the efficacy of phytopharmaceuticals until July 12, 2022. We used the Cochrane RoB 2.0 for the quality assessment of the study. Results: Phytopharmaceuticals significantly improved patients’ recovery rate (OR = 3.54; p < 0.00001) and reduced deaths (OR = 0.24; p < 0.0001) compared to the control group. Phytopharmaceuticals also performed as a protective factor for COVID-19 clinical symptoms, such as dyspnea (OR = 0.42; p < 0.05) and myalgia (OR = 0.31; p = 0.02) compared to the control group. However, there is no statistically significant effect on cough (OR = 0.76; p = 0.61) and fever (OR = 0.60; p < 0.20). The results were not affected by patients’ covariates [hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases (meta-regression p > 0.05)]. Conclusion: Herbal medicine has the potential as an adjuvant therapy in the management of COVID-19.

Item Type:	Article (Review)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	adjuvant therapy, COVID-19, herbal medicine, systematic review
Subjects:	R Medicine > RT Nursing > RT65 Medicine and surgery for nurses
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Nursing Kulliyyah of Nursing > Department of Medical Surgical Nursing
Depositing User:	Dr Mohd Khairul Zul Hasymi Firdaus
Date Deposited:	20 Jul 2023 12:15
Last Modified:	23 May 2024 09:24
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/105657

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