Case study of defragmentation of city scale’s greenhouse gas emission in Melaka

Zen, Irina Safitri and Mohammad, Hafizam Mustafa and Al Madhoun, Wesam and Asmawi, M. Zainora and Almulhim, Abdulaziz I. (2022) Case study of defragmentation of city scale’s greenhouse gas emission in Melaka. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 17 (7). pp. 1-20. ISSN 1823-8556 E-ISSN 2672-7226

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Abstract

The defragmentation of multiple sources of greenhouse gas emissions would allow for more effective climate action at the local level. The adoption of a Global Protocol for Community-Scale (GPC) framework will assist in determining the source of greenhouse gas emissions in Malacca based on inventory data. The online software tool (Harmonised Emissions Analysis Tool (HEAT+)) is used to translate data that can then be used to plan strategic initiatives at the local level. Malacca’s per capita GHG emissions currently stands at 4.59 tonnes of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e). A GPC analysis revealed the industrial sector was the principal offender, who accounted for 39.6% (1,548.412 tCO2e) of the emissions, this was followed by the transport and logistics sector, which accounted for 29.9% (1,160,333 tCO2e), the commercial sector that accounted for 14.7% (574,844 tCO2e) and individual residences which accounted for the balance 12.8% (499,655 tCO2e). Scope 1 dominated GHG emissions by 72.1%, based on the electricity use data from buildings held by the Historical Malacca City Council and Hang Tuah Jaya City Council. The result indicates that the two government buildings need to lead sustainable infrastructure initiatives and reduce emissions by spearheading various energy efficiency programmes. These initiatives can then be followed by businesses and residences using decentralised energy strategies. Making climate change mitigation efforts a priority is recommended. This can be done by implementing a variety of low-carbon-based technologies supported by command and control frameworks and market-based policy interventions. The manufacturing and services sectors are the two most important economic sectors in Malacca, and both have the capacity to adopt more advanced greener and cleaner technologies. Nevertheless, active modes of transportation must be promoted as part of the adaptation strategy for clean, lowcarbon modes of transportation.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	City, carbon, greenhouse gas, energy, building.
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences > GE196 Sustainable living J Political Science > JS Local government Municipal government Q Science > QD Chemistry
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design > Department of Urban & Regional Planning
Depositing User:	Asst.Prof. Ts. Dr. Irina Safitri Zen
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2022 14:54
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2022 15:00
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/99250

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