Mohd Zulkifly, Siti Erny Zulaika and Mohd Hashim, Mohd Hafiezzuddin and Ahmad, Norsham (2020) Visual functions in pediatrics, adults and elderly in Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang: a comparison study. International Journal of Allied Health Sciences (IJAHS), 4 (1 Special Issue: Optometry and Vision Science). pp. 1099-1109. E-ISSN 2600-8491
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Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the comparison of visual acuity, color discrimination ability, stereopsis and pupil responses in pediatrics, adults and elderly. Methodology: Fifteen pediatrics (mean age: 7.40 ± 1.99 years old), fifteen adults (22.67 ± 1.03) and fifteen elderly (64.20 ± 3.35) that live in Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan were enrolled in this study. Their visual acuity, color discrimination and stereopsis were assessed using logMAR chart, Farnsworth D-15 (percentage of correct caps arrangement) and TNO stereo test respectively. Their pupil reflexes (mm) in both photopic and scotopic condition, and rates of pupil responses which are velocity from mydriasis to miosis (mm/s) were measured using Oculus Keratograph 5M. Results: There are significant reduction in visual acuity, color discrimination ability and stereopsis in elderly group (p< 0.05). It is also revealed that elderly had diminished pupil reflexes in scotopic condition and reduced pupil velocity compared to adults and pediatrics (p< 0.05). However, for pupil reflexes in photopic condition (miosis), there are no significant difference between pediatrics, adults and elderly (p> 0.05). Conclusion: This study indicates that visual acuity, color discrimination ability and stereopsis are inversely proportional to increase of age which might be due to physiological lenticular deterioration and changes in cortical activity which induced by changes in levels of neurotransmitters. Diminished pupil responses in old age might be caused by senile miosis which mediated by reduction in sympathetic input. These age-related physiological changes will cause reduction in quality of life of elderly and affect their mobility.
| Item Type: | Article (Journal) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | 4954/83145 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | visual acuity, D15, stereopsis, pupil response, pupil reflexes, photopic,scotopic, pediatrics, adults, elderly. |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RE Ophthalmology |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences > Department of Optometry and Visual Science |
| Depositing User: | Dr Norsham Ahmad |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Oct 2020 16:04 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Nov 2020 09:32 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/83145 |
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