Preload-based starling-like control of rotary blood pumps: an in-vitro evaluation

Mansouri, Mahdi and Gregory, Shaun David and Salamonsen, Robert Francis and Lovell, Nigel Hamilton and Stevens, Michael Charles and Pauls, Jo P. and Akmeliawati, Rini and Lim, Einly (2017) Preload-based starling-like control of rotary blood pumps: an in-vitro evaluation. PLOS ONE, 12 (2). pp. 1-15. ISSN 1932-6203

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Abstract

Due to a shortage of donor hearts, rotary left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are used to provide mechanical circulatory support. To address the preload insensitivity of the constant speed controller (CSC) used in conventional LVADs, we developed a preload-based Starling-like controller (SLC). The SLC emulates the Starling law of the heart to maintain mean pump flow (QP ) with respect to mean left ventricular end diastolic pressure (PLVEDm) as the feedback signal. The SLC and CSC were compared using a mock circulation loop to assess their capacity to increase cardiac output during mild exercise while avoiding ventricular suction (marked by a negative PLVEDm) and maintaining circulatory stability during blood loss and severe reductions in left ventricular contractility (LVC). The root mean squared hemodynamic deviation (RMSHD) metric was used to assess the clinical acceptability of each controller based on pre-defined hemodynamic limits. We also compared the in-silico results from our previously published paper with our in-vitro outcomes. In the exercise simulation, the SLC increased QP by 37%, compared to only 17% with the CSC. During blood loss, the SLC maintained a better safety margin against left ventricular suction with PLVEDm of 2.7 mmHg compared to -0.1 mmHg for CSC. A transition to reduced LVC resulted in decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and QP with CSC, whilst the SLC maintained MAP and QP . The results were associated with a much lower RMSHD value with SLC (70.3%) compared to CSC (225.5%), demonstrating improved capacity of the SLC to compensate for the varying cardiac demand during profound circulatory changes. In-vitro and in-silico results demonstrated similar trends to the simulated changes in patient state however the magnitude of hemodynamic changes were different, thus justifying the progression to in-vitro evaluation.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Additional Information:	5806/58396
Uncontrolled Keywords:	rotary left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), ventricular assist devices; heart-failure; exercise; flow; speed
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Mechatronics Engineering
Depositing User:	Prof. Dr. Rini Akmeliawati
Date Deposited:	19 Sep 2017 11:20
Last Modified:	09 Mar 2018 15:30
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/58396

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