Design and simulation of printed force sensitive resistor for wearable electronics

Mohamad Azhar, Muhammad Izzuddin and Md Ralib @ Md Raghib, Aliza 'Aini and Nordin, Nor Hidayati Diyana and Nordin, Anis Nurashikin and Ab. Rahim, Rosminazuin (2026) Design and simulation of printed force sensitive resistor for wearable electronics. In: 2025 10th International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE), 26-27 August 2025, Kulliyyah of Engineering, IIUM.

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Abstract

he growing demand of wearable electronics has motivated the development of printed force sensitive resistors that are flexible. Force sensitive resistors (FSRs) provide a promising solution as piezoresistive force sensors to sense force or pressure for wearable devices. The FSR shows a decrease in resistance when force is applied to the active surface area which has good potential application for flexible and wearable electronics. However, limited previous work studied on the finite element analysis to predict the change of resistance after sensing for the optimization before proceeding to the fabrication. Hence, this study aims to design and simulate a printed FSR for the optimization of design before proceeding to the fabrication of the printed sensor. Three important design parameters such as force applied, gap spacer height, and the electrode ratio were reported in this work. Finite element simulation results show the force applied onto the FSR can decrease its resistance until it reaches the minimum resistance value. As the gap spacer height increased, the minimum resistance value at a certain force also decreased. The electrode ratio (width of electrode / gap between electrodes) also influenced the maximum resistance drop of the FSR due to electrodes contacting the piezoresistive layer more evenly. The optimum parameters that were chosen in this work are the gap spacer height at 0.02 mm and electrode ratio (width of electrode / gap between electrodes) at 0.67. The simulation results in this work demonstrated that the height of gap spacer and the electrode ratio can influence the sensitivity of the FSR.

Item Type:	Proceeding Paper (Invited Papers)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Printed electronics, Force Sensitive Resistor, piezoresistivity, finite element simulation, electrode ratio, gap spacer height, wearable electronics
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7800 Electronics. Computer engineering. Computer hardware. Photoelectronic devices
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kulliyyah of Engineering
Depositing User:	Aliza Aini Md Ralib
Date Deposited:	25 May 2026 12:36
Last Modified:	25 May 2026 12:36
Queue Number:	2026-05-Q3553
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/129134

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