Sulaiman, Nor Sabrina and Md Rejab, Noor Shazana and Mohd. Kamal, Khairidzan and Hilmi, Mohd Radzi (2025) Reliability of halo & glare simulator in characterise types of halo and glare. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 21 (6). pp. 1-7. ISSN 1675-8544 E-ISSN 2636-9346
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Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate the reliability of glaremeter in quantifying glare and halo using simulation. Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty young adults were recruited in this prospective study. A comprehensive optometric examination was done prior to photic phenomena test (PPT). Room luminance were set in a dim room with a standardised luminance of 85 cd/m2. Participant were asked to adjust the intensity and size of halo, glare and starburst using the simulator built-in scale. The PPT findings were classified into four groups; none, mild, moderate and severe. For inter-rater reliabilities, two examiners evaluate the same participant within a week. Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to describe reliability of measurement. Results: For the first visit, mean and standard deviation (mean ± SD) of halo size and intensity were 27.20 ± 6.54 and 28.13 ± 22.93 respectively. For glare size and intensity, mean ± SD were 23.80 ± 13.80 and 38.42 ± 20.24 respectively. For the second visit, the mean ± SD halo size and intensity were 24.97 ± 21.79 and 26.75 ± 22.04 respectively. For glare size and intensity, mean ± SD were 22.47 ± 15.46 and 38.07 ± 18.53 respectively. Paired T-test findings revealed no significant difference between all parameters, between both visits (All P > 0.05). ICCs revealed good correlations for all parameters (all r-value > 0.75). Bland Altman plot showed agreement of measurements for all parameters were within the 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: Halo & Glare simulator is reliable to quantify photic phenomena.
| Item Type: | Article (Journal) |
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| Additional Information: | This project is under our research group: Integrated Omics Research Group, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Glare, Halo, Reliability, Photic phenomena test, Visual disturbance |
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RE Ophthalmology |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences > Department of Optometry and Visual Science Kulliyyah of Medicine Kulliyyah of Medicine > Department of Ophthalmology |
| Depositing User: | Dr Mohd Radzi Hilmi |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Dec 2025 10:47 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Dec 2025 12:11 |
| Queue Number: | 2025-12-Q1388 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/126536 |
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