Analyzing watermarking color image channels with wavelet and Schur decomposition technique

Jasim Abdullah, Maryam and Ismail, Amelia Ritahani and Ibrahim, Adamu Abubakar (2025) Analyzing watermarking color image channels with wavelet and Schur decomposition technique. In: The 2025 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Learning and Optimization (ICoAILO), 7th to 9th August, 2025, Bali, Indonesia.

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Abstract

This study explores a digital watermarking technique that integrates frequency domain transformation with Schur Decomposition to enhance both imperceptibility and robustness in grayscale and color images. While grayscale images are represented by a single channel, color images use three distinct channels (RGB), offering different opportunities for watermark embedding. The proposed algorithm applies Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) combined with Schur Decomposition across individual RGB channels. Experimental evaluations on three color images reveal that embedding the watermark in the red channel offers superior robustness, particularly under noise attacks. Compared to existing methods, the proposed technique achieves an average PSNR of 69.59 dB and sustains high Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC) values under various distortions. These findings highlight the method’s effectiveness in achieving an optimal balance between imperceptibility and robustness in digital watermarking applications.

Item Type:	Proceeding Paper (Plenary Papers)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	watermarking technique, image, imperceptibility, discrete wavelet transfer, Schur decomposition.
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) > Q300 Cybernetics > Q350 Information theory
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology > Department of Computer Science Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology > Department of Computer Science Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology
Depositing User:	Dr Adamu Abubakar
Date Deposited:	14 Oct 2025 08:20
Last Modified:	14 Oct 2025 08:20
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/123671

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