The effect of spice and herbs mixture on electrolytes and liver and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Khattak, Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan and Mohd Shukri, Nor Azwani and Mahmood, Tahir and Ahmed, Qamar Uddin and Rahimlou, Mehran (2025) The effect of spice and herbs mixture on electrolytes and liver and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Nutrition Sciences, 10 (2). pp. 168-175. ISSN 2538-1873 E-ISSN 2538-2829

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Abstract

Background: Diabetes has a prevalent nature and still presents a signicant public health challenge. This study investigated the eect of spice and herbs on serum biochemical parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: The spice and herbs procured from local market were processed by cleaning, washing, crushing, freeze-drying, formulating, and encapsulating in doses of 2, 4, and 6 grams. Thirty patients with T2DM were assigned to 3 equal groups to receive each mentioned dose fed for 30 days. On day 1 and 31, fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed for electrolytes (Na, K and Cl), urea, creatinine, liver enzymes (AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: Alanine aminotransferase, ALP: alkaline phosphatase), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and lipid prole. The data were further statistically analyzed. Results: The electrolytes, urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes remained within the normal ranges after the consumption of spices and herbs. There was a reducing trend for HbA1c level after intake of spices and herbs. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased by -10.08-7.36% and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased in 2 and 6 gram consuming groups; whereas it decreased in the 3 gram consuming group. The concentration of triglycerides (TG) decreased notably with increasing doses of spices and herbs. Conclusion: Consumption of spices and herbs mixture was demonstrated to have benecial eects on kidney and liver function, blood glucose level and lipid prole in T2DM patients. These ndings suggest the potential therapeutic value of incorporating spices and herbs into the management of T2DM.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Spice, Herbs, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Renal function, Liver function
Subjects:	R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology T Technology > TX Home economics > TX341 Nutrition. Foods and food supply
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences > Department of Nutrition Sciences Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Kulliyyah of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Depositing User:	Prof Dr Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Khattak
Date Deposited:	07 May 2025 09:24
Last Modified:	07 May 2025 09:24
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/120809

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