Hendawy, Amira Ayman and Elgharbawy, Amal A M and Mohd Noor, Najihah and Al-Saari, Nurhidayu and Azmi, Nor Azrini Nadiha and Mohd Salleh, Hamzah (2024) Exploring the safety of the sustainable toxicity testing in zebrafish and brine shrimp using nanoemulsions formulated from fish byproducts and lemon oil. Colloids and Interfaces, 8 (6).
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Abstract
Nanoemulsions, characterized by their nanosized particles ranging from 20 to 200 nm, are effective carriers for drug molecules. Our novel oil-in-water nanoemulsion, NE-FLO™, formulated from lemon and fish byproduct oils, demonstrates promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with initial studies indicating nontoxicity to normal skin cells. This study investigated the safety of NE-FLO™ using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) models, focusing on concentration-dependent effects and LC50 values. At lower concentrations (0.1 mg·L−1, 0.01 mg·L−1, and 0.001 mg·L−1), NE-FLO™ showed minimal toxicity without adverse effects. However, at 1 mg·L−1, reduced survival rates indicate potential toxicity. Specifically, this concentration also induces altered swimming behaviors in zebrafish. LC50 values are 8.7474 mg·L−1 for brine shrimp and 0.316 mg·L−1 for adult zebrafish. These results underscore the necessity for further detailed investigations into NE-FLO™, balancing its therapeutic benefits with potential toxicity risks. This study emphasizes the importance of optimizing nanoemulsion formulations from fish oil and conducting comprehensive safety assessments to meet regulatory standards.
| Item Type: | Article (Journal) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | nanoemulsion; zebrafish; toxicity; sustainability; fish oil; safety |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD9016.5 Halal Science Q Science > QD Chemistry R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica |
| Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button): | International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART) |
| Depositing User: | Dr AMAL ELGHARBAWY |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Dec 2024 15:36 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Dec 2024 15:46 |
| URI: | http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/116869 |
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