Optimum yield of empty fruit bunches cellulose nanofibers by deep eutectic solvent and ultrasonication

Jafri, Nur Huda Syazwani and Jimat, Dzun Noraini and Wan Nawawi, Wan Mohd Fazli and Ahmad Nor, Yusilawati and Amid, Azura (2023) Optimum yield of empty fruit bunches cellulose nanofibers by deep eutectic solvent and ultrasonication. Chemical Engineering and Technology, 47 (1). pp. 56-67. ISSN 0930-7516 E-ISSN 1521-4125

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Abstract

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are extensively utilized as affordable, renewable materials. The conventional technique for making CNFs is time-consuming, requires hazardous toxic chemicals, and consumes enormous amounts of energy. CNFs from empty fruit bunches (EFB) were produced via deep eutectic solvent (DES) and ultrasonication. The DES treatment conditions were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) approach of response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the reaction time, DES molar ratio, and temperature were all significant variables. The experimental results closely correspond to the theoretical model of CNFs yield. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies demonstrated that the crystallinity index of the CNFs increased significantly after sonication. It could be stated that DES treatment and ultrasonication were effective ways to successfully generate CNFs from EFB. This study may serve as foundation for high-yield, industrial-scale synthesis of nanocellulose using DES treatment.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Cellulose nanofibers, Deep eutectic solvent, Empty fruit bunch, Ultrasonication
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP200 Manufacture and use of chemicals
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART) Kulliyyah of Engineering Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Biotechnology Engineering
Depositing User:	Dr Dzun Noraini Jimat
Date Deposited:	24 Nov 2023 15:29
Last Modified:	05 Jan 2024 17:05
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/108325

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