Conventional methods and future trends in antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Salam, Md. Abdus and Al-Amin, Md. Yusuf and Pawar, Jogendra Singh and Akhter, Naseem and Lucy, Irine Banu (2023) Conventional methods and future trends in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 30 (3). pp. 1-15. ISSN 1319-562X E-ISSN 2213-7106

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Abstract

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is an essential task for selecting appropriate antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases. Constant evolution has been observed in methods used in the diagnostic microbiology laboratories. Disc diffusion or broth microdilution are classical and conventional phenotypic methods with long turnaround time and labour-intensive but still widely practiced as gold-standard. Scientists are striving to develop innovative, novel and faster methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing to be applicable for routine microbiological laboratory practice and research. To meet the requirements, there is an increasing trend towards automation, genotypic and micro/nano technology-based innovations. Automation in detection systems and integration of computers for online data analysis and data sharing are giant leaps towards versatile nature of automated methods currently in use. Genotypic methods detect a specific genetic marker associated with resistant phenotypes using molecular amplification techniques and genome sequencing. Microfluidics and microdroplets are recent addition in the continuous advancement of methods that show great promises with regards to safety and speed and have the prospect to identify and monitor resistance mechanisms. Although genotypic and microfluidics methods have many exciting features, however, their applications into routine clinical laboratory practice warrant extensive validation. The main impetus behind the evolution of methods in antimicrobial susceptibility testing is to shorten the overall turnaround time in obtaining the results and to enhance the ease of sample processing. This comprehensive narrative review summarises major conventional phenotypic methods and automated systems currently in use, and highlights principles of some of the emerging genotypic and micro/nanotechnology-based methods in antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Item Type:	Article (Review)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Conventional methods Automations Genotypic methods Micro/nanotechnology-based techniques Advantages and disadvantages
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > RB Pathology
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Medicine Kulliyyah of Medicine > Department of Basic Medical
Depositing User:	Prof. Dr. Md. Abdus Salam
Date Deposited:	20 Feb 2023 14:47
Last Modified:	10 Aug 2023 16:43
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/103722

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