The role of solvent hydroxyl functional groups on the interaction energy and growth of form I paracetamol crystal facets

Shahrir, Nurshahzanani and Anuar, Nornizar and Abdul Muttalib, Nur Aisyah and Yusop, Siti Nurul’ain and Abu Bakar, Mohd Rushdi and Adam, Fatmawati and Ibrahim, Siti Fatimah (2022) The role of solvent hydroxyl functional groups on the interaction energy and growth of form I paracetamol crystal facets. Organic Process Research & Development, 26 (12). pp. 3226-3235. ISSN 1083-6160 E-ISSN 1520-586X

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Abstract

The morphology of a crystal grown in a solvent can change depending on the solvent used during the crystallization process. Modification of the morphology of a crystal can be engineered based on information conferred by the functional groups of the facets of interest and the functional groups of the solvent. This study aims to predict the effect of the alcoholic functional group of amyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and phenol on the {002}, {011}, and {110} facets of Form I paracetamol. Prediction and simulation studies were carried out using an embedded tool available in Material Studio. The interaction between the solvents (phenol, benzyl alcohol, and amyl alcohol) and the surfaces used in this study revealed that the {011} facet had the most negative nonbonded energy, followed by the {110} and {002} facets. Overall, the nonbonded interactions between the solvents and the facets were dominated by Coulombic interactions, accounting for more than 90% of the energies, which is within the range from −2566 to −3613 kcal/mol. The binding energy for amyl and benzyl alcohols on the facets of the crystal, ranked from the strongest to the weakest, was in the order {002} > {110} > {011}, while for phenol, the rank was {002} > {011} > {110}. This result is in line with the observed crystal morphology of Form I paracetamol crystallized in a polar protic solvent, in which the most favorable solvent binding on the {002} facets delayed the growth of the elongated hexagonal morphology along the c-axis and formed prismatic-like morphology. Using benzyl alcohol as a case study, an assessment of synthon formation on facets {002} and {011} showed that synthon B is an important synthon for the growth of units of these facets, while synthon F is an important building block synthon for the {110} facet.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Binding energy; functional group; solvent effect; nonbonded interactions; synthons; crystal facet.
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica > RS192 Materia Medica-Pharmaceutical Technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155 Chemical engineering
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Pharmacy Kulliyyah of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
Depositing User:	Dr Mohd Rushdi Abu Bakar
Date Deposited:	04 Jan 2023 11:25
Last Modified:	02 May 2024 11:22
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/102420

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