Performance comparison of Zn-MOF and Nb2CTx/Co3O4 coatings on side-polished fibers for enhanced four-wave mixing at 1.5 µm

Ahmad, H. and Zuzamri, I.A. and Lutfi, M.A.M. and Zaini, M.K.A. and Mahmoodin, Z. and Yusoff, N. and Ismail, M.F. and Thambiratnam, K. and Hussein, Mousa (2026) Performance comparison of Zn-MOF and Nb2CTx/Co3O4 coatings on side-polished fibers for enhanced four-wave mixing at 1.5 µm. Optical Fiber Technology, 99 (1). p. 104605.

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Abstract

This study investigates the enhancement of the four-wave mixing (FWM) process in side-polished optical fibers (SPFs) operating in the 1.5-µm telecommunication band through functionalization with a Zinc-based Metal-Organic Framework (Zn-MOF) and Cobalt Oxide nanocomposite (Nb2CTx/Co3O4). The side-polishing technique creates a platform for intense evanescent-field interaction, significantly boosting local optical intensity and thereby strengthening the nonlinear response within a compact device footprint. The experimental setup employed two tunable continuous-wave laser sources as pump and signal inputs, which were combined and amplified by an erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) before being launched into a side-polished fibre (SPF). The deposition of Zn-MOF and Nb2CTx/Co3O4 composites onto the polished fiber surface yielded a substantial improvement in the nonlinear performance, with measured conversion efficiency enhancements of up to 16.0 compared to an uncoated SPF. A stability assessment conducted over 60 min confirmed the robust and consistent generation of the FWM idler. These findings underscore the potential of advanced-material-functionalized SPFs as efficient, compact nonlinear platforms for all-optical signal processing in the conventional telecommunication band. © 2026

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Additional Information:	Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Continuous wave lasers; Crystalline materials; Erbium doped fiber amplifiers; Niobium compounds; Optical fibers; Optical signal processing; Organometallics; Zinc compounds; 1.5-µm wavelength; Four-wave-mixing; Four-wave-mixing process; Metalorganic frameworks (MOFs); Nb2CTx/co3O4; Performance comparison; Side-polished fiber; Side-polished optical fiber; Telecommunication bands; Zinc-based metal-organic framework; Four wave mixing
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Science > Department of Physics
Depositing User:	Ts. Dr. Kavintheran Thambiratnam
Date Deposited:	10 Oct 2026 09:21
Last Update:	10 Oct 2026 09:21
Queue Number:	2026-10-Q5511
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/131805
Indexed In:	SCOPUS

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