Nonlinear optical modulation and ultrafast dynamics of Fe-BTC in a 2 μm thulium-holmium fiber laser

Chiam, Joe Win and Ahmad, Harith and Sanchez-Sanchez, Manuel and Yassin, Jemal Mohammed and Mahmoodin, Zulkifli and Hussein, Mousa and Sun, Shufeng and Thambiratnam, Kavintheran (2026) Nonlinear optical modulation and ultrafast dynamics of Fe-BTC in a 2 μm thulium-holmium fiber laser. Physica Scripta, 101 (15). p. 155501.

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Abstract

While Fe-BTC, a semiamorphous metal–organic framework (MOF), has been established for gas storage and catalysis, its application as a saturable absorber (SA) remains unexplored. In this work, Fe-BTC was successfully implemented as an optical modulator to generate ultrafast pulses in a thulium-holmium-doped fiber laser (THDFL). Fe-BTC was drop-casted on an arc-shaped fiber to form the optical modulator, yielding a modulation depth of 2.1. With a 3-dB spectral bandwidth of 2.7 nm, the output wavelength was centered at 1896.7 nm. The repetition rate was 14.7 MHz, and the pulse width was 1.5 ps, corresponding to an optical peak power of 91 W and a pulse energy of 136 pJ. The system operated steadily, as evidenced by its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of around 55 dB. This study reveals the capabilities of Fe-BTC as a low-cost saturable absorber for ultrafast fiber lasers. © 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Additional Information:	Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Science > Department of Physics
Depositing User:	Ts. Dr. Kavintheran Thambiratnam
Date Deposited:	09 Oct 2026 16:16
Last Update:	09 Oct 2026 16:17
Queue Number:	2026-10-Q5504
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/131795
Indexed In:	SCOPUS

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