Design and development of a medication preparation (3 in 1 MedPrep) device for liquid vial dilution in healthcare settings

Irwan Affandi, Muhammad Zakwan Zikri and Nordin, Nor Hidayati Diyana and Husman, Muhammad Afif and Ghazali, Aimi Shazwani and Sowtali, Siti Noorkhairina (2026) Design and development of a medication preparation (3 in 1 MedPrep) device for liquid vial dilution in healthcare settings. International Journal of Care Scholars, 9 (3). pp. 14-24. ISSN 2600-898X

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Abstract

Background: The manual preparation of liquid medications in healthcare settings presents significant challenges, including the need for high precision, time-intensive procedures, and the risk of human error, which may compromise patient safety and contribute to physical strain among healthcare workers. 3 in 1 MedPrep is a multifunctional medication preparation system incorporating tablet crushing, tablet cutting, and liquid dilution functions. This study focuses on the development and evaluation of its liquid dilution function. Methods: The development of 3 in 1 MedPrep, specifically its liquid dilution function followed a structured five-phase methodology comprising expert consultation, system design with engineering calculations, mechanical prototyping, and testing with 30 mechanism trials and comprehensive dry runs of the fully integrated system. Results: The liquid dilution function of 3 in 1 MedPrep integrates three primary mechanisms: (i) syringe extraction mechanism (ii) vial piercing mechanism and (iii) mixing mechanism. Testing across 30 cycles demonstrated strong performance, with syringe extraction achieving 99.22% precision, vial piercing achieving 98.85% precision with 100% success, and mixing reaching 100% solubility success. Overall, the fully integrated system operated reliably with an aggregate precision of 99.9%. Conclusion: 3 in 1 MedPrep demonstrates strong potential to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and safety in medication preparation within healthcare settings. Further development incorporating sensor-based closed-loop feedback, sterilisation integration, and regulatory clinical certification is recommended to support clinical translation

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Automation, Drug compounding, Technology, Patient safety, Device
Subjects:	R Medicine > RT Nursing > RT44 Instruments, apparatus, and appliances T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA174 Engineering design
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Mechatronics Engineering Kulliyyah of Nursing > Department of Professional Nursing Studies
Depositing User:	Dr NOR HIDAYATI DIYANA NORDIN
Date Deposited:	18 Sep 2026 17:49
Last Update:	18 Sep 2026 17:49
Queue Number:	2026-09-Q5146
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/131320
Indexed In:	Google Scholar, MyCite

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