A multiwall path-loss prediction model using 433 mhz LoRa-WAN frequency to characterize Foliage’s influence in a Malaysian palm oil plantation environment

Anzum, Rabeya and Habaebi, Mohamed Hadi and Islam, Md. Rafiqul and Hakim, Galang P. N. and Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin and Osman, Hamid and Alamri, Sultan and AbdElrahim, Elrashed (2022) A multiwall path-loss prediction model using 433 mhz LoRa-WAN frequency to characterize Foliage’s influence in a Malaysian palm oil plantation environment. Sensors, 22 (14). pp. 1-17. ISSN 1424-3210 E-ISSN 1424-8220

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Abstract

Palm oil is the main cash crop of tropical Asia, and the implementation of LPWAN (lowpower wide-area network) technologies for smart agriculture applications in palm oil plantations will benefit the palm oil industry in terms of making more revenue. This research attempts to characterize the LoRa 433 MHz frequency channels for the available spreading factors (SF7-SF12) and bandwidths (125 kHz, 250 kHz, and 500 kHz) for wireless sensor networks. The LoRa channel modeling in terms of path-loss calculation uses empirical measurements of RSS (received signal strength) in a palm oil plantation located in Selangor, Malaysia. In this research, about 1500 LoS (line-of-sight) and 300 NLoS (non-line-of-sight) propagation measurement data are collected for path-loss prediction modeling. Using the empirical data, a prediction model is constructed. The path-loss exponent for LoS propagation of the proposed prediction model is found to be 2.34 and 2.9 for 125–250 kHz bandwidth and 500 kHz bandwidth, respectively. Again, for the NLoS propagation links, the attenuation per trunk is found to be 7.58 dB, 7.04 dB, 5.35 dB, 5.02 dB, 5.01 dB, and 5 dB for SF7-SF12, and the attenuation per canopy is found to be 9.32 dB, 7.96 dB, 6.2 dB, 5.89 dB, 5.79 dB, and 5.45 dB for SF7-SF12. Moreover, the prediction model is found to be the better choice (mean RMSE 2.74 dB) in comparison to the empirical foliage loss models (Weissberger’s and ITU-R) to predict the path loss in palm oil plantations.

Item Type:	Article (Journal)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	multiwall model; path loss; foliage loss; LoRaWAN; 433 MHz; smart agriculture
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, radio, radar, television
Kulliyyahs/Centres/Divisions/Institutes (Can select more than one option. Press CONTROL button):	Kulliyyah of Engineering Kulliyyah of Engineering > Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Depositing User:	Dr. Mohamed Hadi Habaebi
Date Deposited:	20 Jul 2022 16:29
Last Modified:	20 Jul 2022 16:31
URI:	http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/98862

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